商业银行

For a long-term stable Exchange Rate of RMB, the Commercial Banks are not only lack of a full understanding of Exchange Rate risk but are also lack of the essential experiences and skills to manage the Exchange Rate risk. Exchange Rate System reform makes domestic Commercial Banks face a great challenge of Exchange Rate risk. Adapting RMB Exchange Rate reform and managing Exchange Rate risk are the subjects that the domestic commercial banks must face.

长期稳定的人民币汇率使商业银行对汇率风险既缺少足够的了解和重视，也缺乏必要的外汇风险管理的经验和技能，汇率制度改革使我国商业银行开始真正面临汇率风险的考验，尽快适应人民币汇率制度改革，应对汇率风险是我国商业银行面临的重要课题。

Recently, to push the reform of the joint stock system in national commercial banks, the government has helped the national commercial banks to shake off a large amount of ill loans with different policies. However, the national commercial banks still face the pressure due to the increase in both the absolute magnitude and the ratio of the ill loan.

近年来，国家为推进国有商业银行的股份制改革，通过政策帮助国有商业银行剥离了大量的不良货款，但各家国有商业银行还是面临不良货款绝对额和不良货款率双上升的压力。

Its necessary to clarify the property right and to develop multiple property right subjects by absorbing and integrating state share, personal share, public share, corporate share and foreign share.

国有商业银行的改革必须做到银企分开，明晰产权，发展多元化产权主体。股份制是现代商业银行普遍的产权形式，同时也是我国国有商业银行产权制度改革的有效实现形式。

In order to understand commercial bank more clear, this paper cover research on micro, models are used to investigate the efficiency of commercial bank.

本文通过对文献的调研，为了对商业银行经营有深入的了解，选择从微观层次对商业银行进行研究，借助模型对商业银行的效率进行测度。

In the chapter of improving banking supervision, we analyze the games with complete and incomplete information between supervisors and banks, and their strategies therein during the operating and market exiting stages. We come to the conclusion that in the long run, the supervision of operational risks should progress from direct surveillance to indirect surveillance. In the chapter of incentives and constraints, we first discuss the reform of personnel system (non- monetary rewards and punishments) and salary system in the SOBs, demonstrated with an optimal model. Then we show that it is feasible for senior executives of SOBs to bear a part of operational risk loss through a model of guarantee and compensation. It is a bold attempt in current situation when domestic liability insurance market is still not mature.

银行业监管一章，我们通过设计一组监管部门与国有商业银行的完全信息和不完全信息博弈，分析了它们在运营阶段和市场退出阶段的政策选择，并提出了对操作风险的监管在长期要实现从"直接监管"到"间接监管"的转变；激励约束一章，我们首先讨论了国有商业银行的人事制度与薪酬制度改革，并通过一个最优化模型给予说明，然后设计了一个操作风险损失保证金与赔偿金模型来说明让国有商业银行高级管理人员负担一部分操作风险损失的可行性。

Commercial banks allowed to sponsor funds management companies, they can develop funds activities on the condition that groups undertake mixed-operation while its funds filiation only can undertake its own activities. In fact, this is an important act for Chinese commercial banks to impulse to commingle all kinds of activities. Also, this act should be favorable to healthy capital market's developing and financial reform deepening. In addition, this act makes sense to change unbalance financing structure, the single assets structure of commercial banks, and to improve the international competition strength of Chinese financial industry.

允许商业银行投资设立基金管理公司，商业银行在"集团混业"、"公司分业"的条件下开展自营投资基金业务，是提高中国银行业综合竞争能力的一项重要举措，有利于促进资本市场健康发展，也有利于促进金融改革的深化；并且，对于解决我国当前融资格局失衡，改变商业银行较为单一的资产结构，提高金融业的国际竞争力，具有重要的意义。

For the commercial banks in china, if we can solve the problem of view and mechanism and production and function in comparison with the international banks, which is the existence and the development of the commercial banks in china in course of the economic globalization.

就我国商业银行而言，能否在中国入世缓冲期内尽早解决中间业务发展的理念、机制、品种和功能等方面的问题，缩小与国际先进商业银行的发展差距，直接关系到我国商业银行在全球经济金融一体化格局中的生存和发展。

Thus, for example,"Wells Fargo Bank, National Association" indicates that this bank has a federal charter.

双轨银行制度按对商业银行的管血体制划分，美国的商业银行可分为在联邦政府注册的国民银行和在州政府注册的州立银行两种，这就是美国独特的双轨银行制度。

Journalist: after accession to WTO, domestic banking in－dustry in China will follow the newly revised Basle concordats.

韦卓思：对于中国的二级、三级银行，即市、县以下的银行来说，要达到巴塞尔资本协议规定的资本要求问题还不太大，难就难在四大国有商业银行，中国人民银行的官员讲过，在过去的十年里，国有商业银行在财政方面扮演了很重要的角色，要消除不良贷款需要很大的财源支持，要达到巴塞尔资本协议标准，这些银行需要很大的注资才能达到资本充足标准。

CMS is prohibited from conducting business with the following entities ("Section 311 entities"): Banco Delta Asia; VEF Banka; Commercial Bank of Syria; Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank; Myanmar Mayflower Bank; Asia Wealth Bank; Any Burmese banking institution, including foreign branches; And any subsidiaries of the above entities.

CMS 被禁止与以下机构（&第311条禁止合作的机构&）进行业务往来：澳门汇业银行；VEF Banka；叙利亚商业银行；叙利亚黎巴嫩商业银行（Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank）；缅甸五月花银行；亚洲财富银行；任何缅甸银行机构，包括其境外分支机构；以及上述机构的任何分支机构。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。