味觉

Among the more commonly identified impairments and malfunctions of taste are ageusia ,(or ageustia from geustos, Greek for "tasting"), the absence of taste; hypogeusia , dulled or diminished taste; hypergeusia , increased sensitivity to taste; and phantogeusia, the perception of specific tastes—sweet, sour, salty, metallic, or otherwise unpleasant tastes—without the presence of any oral stimulus.

包括在这些更普遍确定的味觉损伤和障碍中的有：味觉丧失(or ageustia from geustos， Greek for "tasting")，味觉缺失，味觉减退，味觉迟钝或降低，过敏，味觉感受的增加，还有幻味觉，不存在任何的口头刺激下产生细节味觉的感知—甜，酸，咸，金属味或其他的讨厌的味道。

Taste aversion learning; taste buds; taste discrimination; taste epithelium; taste modifiers; taste panel evaluation; taste perception; taste pore; taste preferences; taste processing; taste receptors; taste receptor neurons; taste stimuli; taste thresholds; taste transduction; foliate; fungiform; vallate; circumvallate; umami taste; bitter principle; sweet taste; bitter taste; sour taste; salty taste; gustation; gustatory cortex; gustatory nerve; gustatory neurons; gustatory nucleus; gustatory sensilla; gustatory system

味道厌恶学习；味蕾；味道辨别力；味道上皮；味道调节剂；品尝小组评价；味道感受；味孔；味道偏爱；味道加工；味觉感受器；味觉感受器神经元；味道刺激；味觉阈值；味道转换；层状的；真菌状的；轮廓形的；围绕的；鲜味；苦味素；甜味；苦味；酸味；咸味；味觉；味觉皮层；味觉神经；味觉神经元；味觉核；味觉感器；味觉体系

High protein feed can enhance airframe the absorption to zinc, keep in storage and feed of sex of metabolization; animal and the zincic absorptivity of inorganic, organic additive are taller, and the zincic absorptivity in plant sex feed is very low, zinc inside pig body excrete basically through bowel, along with eduction of fluid of pancreatic juice, bowel. 1.1 zinc inside pig body physiology function 1.1.1 raise collecting appetite zinc is element of the taste in saliva to make part, and the structural function with gustatory epithelial to oral cavity mucous membrane element and metabolization are influential action, affect the configuration of alveolus of the taste bud in glossal tit and function then, because this adds zinc,can enhance taste bud to taste sensitive.

高蛋白饲料能增强机体对锌的吸收、贮存和代谢；动物性饲料和无机、有机添加剂的锌吸收率较高，而植物性饲料中的锌吸收率则非常低，锌在猪体内的排泄主要通过肠道，随胰液、肠液排出。1.1锌在猪体内的的生理功能1.1.1提高采食量锌是唾液中味觉素的构成成分，而味觉素则对口腔黏膜上皮细胞的结构功能及代谢有影响功能，进而影响舌乳头中味蕾小孔的形态和功能，因此添加锌可增强味蕾对味觉的敏感。

Review articles only; taste buds; taste aversion learning; taste discrimination; taste epithelium; taste modifiers; taste panel evaluation; taste perception; taste pore; taste preferences; taste processing; taste receptors; taste receptor neurons; taste stimuli; taste thresholds; taste transduction; umami taste; bitter principle; sweet taste; bitter taste; sour taste; salty taste; gustation; gustatory cortex; gustatory nerve; gustatory neurons; gustatory nucleus; gustatory system; gustatory sensilla

唯一的综述；味蕾；味道厌恶学习；味道辨别力；味道上皮；味道调节剂；品评小组评估；味道感知；味孔；味道偏爱；味道加工；味觉感受器；味觉感受器神经元；味道刺激；味觉阈值；味道转换；鲜味；苦素；甜味；苦味；酸味；咸味；味觉；味觉的皮层；味觉神经；味觉的神经元；味觉核；味觉的体系；味觉感器

When the same sucrose stimulability was given, FLI neurons expressions of SON, DMV and LH in the CTA rats were much lowwer than that in the control rats. Conclusions: 1 CTA had an inhibitory effect on small intestine peristalsis, indicate taste preference has an effect on small intestine peristalsis, and inhibitory effect induced by CTA is corresponded with US, this effect may have relations with vagus efferent never and humoral regulation.

1建立味觉厌恶对小肠运动有抑制作用，提示味觉嗜好性对小肠运动有影响，而且味觉厌恶引起抑制作用是与条件刺激成对应关系的，味觉刺激引起的小肠蠕动的抑制作用可能与迷走神经传出神经及体液调节有关。

Furthermore, in the CTA rats, compared with water stimulability, FLI neurons of SON and DMV induced by sucrose stimulability had had much more expressions.6 When the same sucrose stimulability was given, FLI neurons expressions of SON, DMV and LH in the CTA rats were much lowwer than that in the control rats.Conclusions:1 CTA had an inhibitory effect on small intestine peristalsis, indicate taste preference has an effect on small intestine peristalsis, and inhibitory effect induced by CTA is corresponded with US, this effect may have relations with vagus efferent never and humoral regulation.2 In the electrophysiology experiment, discharges of vagus efferent never in the CTA rats are much more than that in the control rats, indicates taste and taste preference may regulate small intestine peristalsis via vagus nerve, and dicharge can continude 1 hour, indicate humoral regulation also exists in the regulation.

结论1建立味觉厌恶对小肠运动有抑制作用，提示味觉嗜好性对小肠运动有影响，而且味觉厌恶引起抑制作用是与条件刺激成对应关系的，味觉刺激引起的小肠蠕动的抑制作用可能与迷走神经传出神经及体液调节有关。2在电生理实验中，CTA大鼠迷走神经传出放电高于对照组的大鼠，提示味觉及味觉嗜好性可能是通过迷走神经对小肠运动进行调节的，放电至能持续60min，表明味觉及味觉对小肠运动的调节中还有体液调节的参与。

Among the more commonly identified impairments and malfunctions of taste are ageusia ,(or ageustia from geustos, Greek for "tasting"), the absence of taste; hypogeusia , dulled or diminished taste; hypergeusia , increased sensitivity to taste; and phantogeusia, the perception of specific tastes—sweet, sour, salty, metallic, or otherwise unpleasant tastes—without the presence of any oral stimulus.

包括在这些更普遍确定的味觉损伤和障碍中的有：味觉丧失(or ageustia from geustos， Greek for &tasting&)，味觉缺失，味觉减退，味觉迟钝或降低，过敏，味觉感受的增加，还有幻味觉，不存在任何的口头刺激下产生细节味觉的感知—甜，酸，咸，金属味或其他的讨厌的味道。

Experimental data were acquired by LabVIEW and processed through the time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis with Matlab. We analyzed qualitatively the specific effect of different tastants and proved the sensitivity to salt and sourness of taste receptor cells isolated from rat fungiform papilla. These experimental results demonstrate the feasibility that the cell chip based on LAPS can be used in the study of taste transduction mechanism.

采用LabVIEW采集数据、Matlab进行时域和频域分析，我们定性分析了不同味质作用于味觉细胞后胞外电信号的变化，证实了大鼠菌状乳头的味觉细胞对于咸味和酸味的敏感性，实现了细胞芯片在味觉传导机理研究中的应用。

The subdiaphragmatic vagus plays an important role in taste perception and control of ingestion of sweet taste solution. Different from the conditioned taste aversion, this study have explored the interaction of visceral and gustatory information from another point of view. This study provides the valuable research data for the relationship among taste, visceral disease and ingestion.

与大鼠条件性厌味中内脏不适对味觉物质摄食的影响不同，本研究从味觉物质摄食前的内脏不适刺激对随后的味觉物质摄食的影响出发，从另一个角度探讨了脑干核团内味觉信息和内脏信息的相互作用，为进一步深入研究味觉、消化系统疾病及摄食三者之间的关系提供了有价值的研究资料。

Perhaps the most common taste disorder is dysgeusia , a distortion of taste sensations (such as when an unpleasant taste results from a normally pleasant-tasting substance).

可能最普通的味觉混乱就是味觉障碍了。这是一种味觉的失真（就像在一种普通的令人愉快的味觉体验中产生的不愉快的味觉结果）。

But in the course of internationalization, they meet with misunderstanding and puzzlement.

许多企业已经意识到了这一点，但在国际化的进程中，仍存在一些误区与困惑。

Inorder toaccomplish this goal as quickly as possible, we'll beteamingup with anexperienced group of modelers, skinners, and animatorswhosenames willbe announced in the coming weeks.

为了尽快实现这个目标，我们在未来数周内将公布与一些有经验的模型、皮肤、动画制作小组合作。