变化器

Examinations of steady status and analysis of dynamic experiments have been conducted on Band-Tube evaporator and Parallel-Flow condenser using R134a refrigerant. The steady examination show that the model error was under the allowable error, The inlet mass and enthalpy disturb experiments indicate that the subsection model ,be good at reflecting the change of parameters of the heat exchanger, accord with the basic principle of thermodynamics theory and the actual work status.

在进行仿真试验时，以使用R134a作制冷剂的管带式蒸发器和平行流式冷凝器为对象，完成了稳态仿真计算、试验和动态仿真分析，稳态计算结果和试验数据对比表明，其误差在允许范围内；进口质量和焓值的扰动试验结果表明：本文所建的区段式换热器仿真模型，能很好的反映换热器性能参数的动态变化，与系统热动力学理论和冷凝器、蒸发器的实际工作过程基本一致。

In conclusion, we detailedly investigated the variation of membrane system (mainly plasmalemma, amyloplast envelope, ER) with the potassium permanganate fixative method, nucleus and organelles with routinely fixative method, and their functions with cytochemical method (localization of phosphatases and Ca〓).

综上所述，本文运用高锰酸钾固定法研究了膜系统（主要指质膜、淀粉质体被膜、内质网）的变化，运用常规固定制样研究了细胞核和细胞器的变化，采用细胞化学方法（Ca〓和磷酸水解酶的定位）探索了细胞器和细胞核的功能。

According to the operating characteristic of the fluidics and the theory of hydromechanics, a dynamic model of the impactor is established, in order to bring the percussive rotary drilling technology into full play. Also a simulation program is developed to calculate the working properties of the impactor. By using the simulation program, the variation laws of the basic parameters of the hydraulic impactor under different structural parameters and hydraulics are obtained.

为充分发挥冲击旋转钻井技术的应用效果，在考虑射流元件工作特性的基础上，运用流体力学理论建立了液动冲击器工作动力学模型，并编制了计算液动冲击器性能参数的模拟程序，通过模拟计算程序得到了在不同液动冲击器结构参数和钻井水力参数下液动冲击器基本参数的变化规律。

Geostatics and hydrokinetics are used to develop equations relating the variation of the mass, centroid and moment of inertia because of the fuel combustion, and the change of the propeller thrust as the AUV cruises. A complete mathematical model is presented for an AUV with variable mass and velocity.

利用刚体分析动力学和理论流体力学的基本理论，研究水下自航器因燃料的消耗而引起的质量变化、质心位置和转动惯量的变化，导出描述其变化规律的方程；研究因推力变化而引起速度的改变，导出推力变化方程。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

The relationships of the self-sealing pressure of two types of direct acting gas regulators to its structural characteristics and inlet pressure are analyzed.

分析了两种直接作用式燃气调压器的自封压力与其结构特性和进口压力的关系，探讨了进口压力变化对两种调压器自封压力变化影响的差异。

Contract:This article disausses the principal of main steam temperature control system according the problems in running,including the unreasonable main steam pressure set point volue,hot air injection flow is not acciurate,Charge of steam temperature has the big delay and the common PID can′t satisfy the regulate′s demandthen take the according measures,adopt smith predictor,change to ABB intelligent positioner,add the hot air injection antiblock device,test the main steam temperature automation and optimization the specificator.

中国国电集团公司菏泽发电厂热工，山东摘要：本文论述汽温控制系统组成原理，针对运行中发现的问题，包括一次风母管压力自动设定值设计不合理，导致主汽温度和再热汽温度变化幅度加大，底部注入风量和汽温参数测量不准确，汽温变化迟延大，常规PID满足不了调节要求，采取了相应措施，改用史密斯预测器，更换为ABB定位器，增加底部注入风量等测点防堵装置，并对主汽温自动进行试验和参数优化。

And this causes a frequency change Δf. The resonant point tracing algorithm describes how to detect Δf. So it can introduce a feedback frequencydifference -Δf through a closed loop to realize the resonant state o In the digitaldetection scenario, using staircase wave to replace saw tooth wave, it can overcome a lot of shortcomings in the analog system. The character of the staircase wave affects the detection precision directly. This thesis analyzes a high precision scenario producing a staircase waveform in detail. It can reduce the number of the bits in D/A converter greatly. This thesis proposes another method to improve the detection precision in case that the A/D converter has comparatively little number of bits, while this method will not increase the cost of the system greatly.

在谐振式光纤陀螺中，环形谐振腔的旋转使得谐振腔的谐振频率发生了变化，从而产生了一个与旋转速度成正比的频率变化值△f，谐振点跟踪算法描述了如何检测出△f，从而可以通过闭环在系统中引入反馈频差-△f，实现光路的谐振状态；在数字闭环检测方案中，用阶梯波作为反馈信号来代替锯齿波，可以克服原来模拟系统中锯齿波的很多缺点，阶梯波的性能直接影响着系统的测量精度，本论文详细分析了一种高精度阶梯波生成方案，使得所需D／A的位数大大降低；本文还分析了A／D转换器对系统测量精度的影响，提出了一种A／D转换器位数较少的情况下提高系统测量精度的措施，同时又不会增加太多的系统成本。

The change of heat transfer coefficient and the vapor lock make the tube bundle arrangement correction factor change with load.

凝汽器蒸汽流场的变化使其传热系数和汽阻发生变化，传热系数和汽阻的改变使凝汽器管束布置修正系数随着负荷变化。

The anisotropical characteristics of metal rubber elements performed under loadings in different directions were researched, and physical hypothesis were provided for the analysis of inner structure of metal rubber material The main parameters for the analysis of anisotropical performance were confirmed according to the previous hypothesis and tested experimentallyThe results show that variety of the relative heights and the radius of MR elements affect the radial stiffness of MR isolator When isola...

研究了金属橡胶构件在不同方向的载荷作用下表现出来的各向异性，提出了用于分析金属橡胶材料内部结构的物理假设，并根据假设确定了各向异性研究的主要参数，然后通过实验研究进行了验证。实验结果表明，如果改变金属橡胶元件的相对高度，增加径向尺寸可以在很大范围内改变金属橡胶隔振器的径向刚度；要使金属橡胶隔振器的力学特性更近于线性，应让隔振器在径向范围内工作；如果隔振系统中含有多个承受压载荷的金属橡胶隔振器，则可以使其工作在与成型压力方向相垂直的方向。当相同结构和尺寸的钢元件和金属橡胶元件在承受剪切载荷作用时，这两种材料表现出了相同的刚度变化趋势。

We will see more and more activist government policies that distinguish economic activities according to the nationality of the actors.

我们将看到越来越多激进的政府政策，这些政策根据企业的国籍来区分经济活动。

If we can prove the independence of an axiomatic system, then we can guarantee the conciseness of this system, ie.

如果能够证明某个一阶谓词系统的独立性，那么就能够保证该系统的建立是精炼的，即没有任何一条公理或推理规则是多余的。