冷杉

Small fast growing but short lived fir of Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves .

平铺富贵属的一种生命期短的小型冷杉，生长速度快，类似于香脂冷杉，但叶子短小。

Small fast growing but short lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves .

南方平铺富贵草属的一种生命期短的小型冷杉，生长速度快，类似于香脂冷杉，但叶子短小。

Small fast growing but short lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very leaves .

南方平铺富贵草属的一种生命期的小型冷杉，生长速度快，类似于香脂冷杉，但叶子。

Fast growing but short lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very leaves .

南方平铺富贵草属一种生命期短小型冷杉，生长速度快，类似于香脂冷杉，但叶子。

During the study, researchers recorded the width of the tree rings of balsam firs. Each ring marked a year of the tree's growth. A narrow ring indicated that the tree's growth had been suppressed that year.

在此研究中，研究者们记录了胶冷杉的年轮和宽度，一圈年轮代表胶冷杉成长了一年，某一圈较为细密的年轮代表在这一年内胶冷杉的成长受到了压制。

During the study, researchers recorded the width of the tree rings of balsam firs. Each ring marked a year of the tree's growth. A narrow ring indicated that the tree's growth had been suppressed that year. The narrow rings appeared only after wolf populations decreased, allowing a greater number of moose to survive and eat more balsam firs.

研究期间，研究人员记录了香脂冷杉树轮的密度，一个树轮表示树生长了一年，有一圈年轮显示出树木在那一年的生长受到了阻碍，根据树的年轮推断出现阻碍的这一年，正是狼群数量减少，鹿的数量大量繁殖的那一年，鹿比平常吃了更多香脂冷杉。

At all the shrub layer and herb layer plants, both widely distributed in the cloud belt elevation fir forest types, there is also limited to certain types of spruce-fir forest types.

在所有灌木层和草本层植物中，既有广泛分布于各海拔带云冷杉林中的种类，也有仅限于某一云冷杉林类型中的种类。

Major results were summarized as follows:(1) A total of 58 tree species from 53 genera in 36 families among which 8 species were Rosaceae, 5 species were Liliaceae, 5 species were Eriaceae, 3 species were Ranunculaceae, 3 species were Compositae, 2 species were Cupressaceae, 2 species were Caprifoliaceae, 2 species were Umblliferae, and other 28 tree species were only one receptively. These were recorded in the 8 plots of the A. georgei var. smithii forest;(2) Number of families, genera, species and Margalef index correlated negatively with altitude (P.05), with a peak at 3600 m.(3) Shannon-Wiener index correlated negatively with altitude (P.01), and maintained stable at the altitudes between 3700~4100 m, evenness with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.(4) Jaccard index increased sharply with increasing altitude at the altitudes between 3600~4100 m, and was lower between different vegetation types at the altitudes between 4100~4200. Cody index β(subscript c decreased with an increasing altitude, but there were 2 troughs between 4000~4100 m and 4200~4300 m.(5) Maximum tree height H(subscript max and HH(subscript max=37 mcorrelated negatively with altitude (P.05); but basal area and BA BA(subscript max=5.3m^2 correlated with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.

结果表明：(1)在调查的8个急尖长苞冷杉林样地内共有植物58种，分属于36科53属，其中植物较多的科有蔷薇科8种、百合科5种、杜鹃花科5种、毛茛科3种、菊科3种、柏科2种、忍冬科2种、伞形科2种，其余的28科各只有1个种；(2)物种科、属、种数、Margalef指数D(下标 M与海拔存在显著的负相关性(P.05)，在分布急尖长苞冷杉最低海拔3600m处出现物种丰富度的最大值；(3)多样性指数与海拔之间有极显著的负相关性(P.01)，并且在3700~4100m之间多样性指数保持稳定；均匀度指数与海拔梯度之间存在负相关性，但不显著；(4)Jaccard指数C(下标 j在海拔3600~4100m随海拔的升高而升高，在生境过渡带的4100~4200m之间Jaccard指数C(下标 j较低；Cody指数β(下标 c随海拔的升高呈下降的趋势，但在4000~4100m和4200~4300m 海拔区间出现2个低谷；(5)最大树高H(下标 max和最大胸径DBH(下标 max与海拔之间存在显著负相关性(P.05)；胸高断面积之和和立木密度与海拔之间存在负相关性，但不显著。

The results showed that: 1 The survival curve of the population conformed to the type of Deevey-Ⅲ; 2 With an increase in the population mortality ratio and a decrease in the survival rate, the mortality ratio greatly increased in ages 0-40 years, reaching 89.7%; 3 There existed two peaks of mortality in the lifespan, one was from seedlings to young trees (0-40 years) and the other in the adult stage (180 years).

结果表明：1岷江上游林线地段岷江冷杉种群存活曲线趋於Deevey-Ⅲ型。2林线地段岷江冷杉种群生存率呈单调下降趋势，生存率下降趋势前期高於后期，说明岷江冷杉种群幼苗死亡率高，种群后期比较稳定。3林线地段岷江冷杉林整个生长期中出现了两个死亡高峰期，一个出现在幼苗向幼树过渡时期（0~40年），另一个出现在中龄时期（180年）。

In addition, the authors suggest:① The research of firs hybridization should be carried out on a large scale in China;② In hybridization, the phylogeny of Abies must be considered, and we should put emphasis on the intro-section hybridization;③ The research on the strobili phenology of firs can ensure the hybridization succeed;④ The research is also important for the hybridization to study the genetic diversity of Abies;⑤ We can use the biotechnology and the knowledge of modern molecular biology to overcome the difficulties of breeding.

作者对我国开展这项研究提出了几点看法：①应大力开展我国冷杉树种间，以及与国外冷杉树种间的杂交研究；②杂交时必须考虑种的系统关系学并以派内杂交为主导方向；③对我国冷杉属树种进行开花结实习性研究；④开展我国冷杉属树种的系统学和遗传多样性研究；⑤结合现代生物技术和分子生物学知识，克服常规杂交中的困难。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。