冷却

In this thesis, a realization of laser cooling and trapping of rubidium atoms is reported. Firstly, the history and development of laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms and molecules is reviewed. Present study status and future development is prospected.

本学位论文围绕Rb原子的激光冷却与囚禁，报道了以下几个方面的工作：综述了激光冷却与囚禁原子、分子的研究历史及发展过程，介绍了国内外的研究现状和最新成果，展望了原子的激光冷却与囚禁技术的应用前景。

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The simulative model of temperature field and stress field in concrete , Heat and moisture coupling、Parallel simulative calculation of concrete with water pipe cooling、 Parallel feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, and stress intensity factor of induced joint, which are the sixty-four-dollar questions, are studied in this dissertation. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1)Based on the past and current research work, the calculation theory of the transient temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete which self temperature influence is considered is deduced. The couple effect between the temperature field and humidity field of concrete, is considered on the basis of conservation law of water and energy, and the coupled formulation which coefficient is not constant of the heat and moisture in concrete is deduced. The calculation theory and model which is theoretically strict for solution to thermal problem in concrete with water-cooling pipes are recommended.

本文主要针对混凝土的温度场应力场仿真计算模型、热湿耦合、水管冷却问题的并行仿真、混凝土温度参数并行反演分析以及诱导缝应力强度因子计算等混凝土大坝温度应力数值仿真的关键技术进行了较为深入的研究，全文主要内容如下：(1)在现有研究基础上，推导了考虑自身温度影响的混凝土非稳定温度场和徐变应力场的计算理论；基于水分质量守恒和能量守恒原理考虑混凝土温度场和湿度场的耦合作用，推导了混凝土的变系数热湿耦合方程，并建立了相应的计算模型；引用严密的水管冷却混凝土温度场的计算理论和计算模型，比较了两种简化计算方法用于水管冷却混凝土仿真计算的不足。

However, when condensation water falls to next row of cooling tubes, it will be then recooled and the supercooling will increase.

但是，当凝结水下落到下一排冷却管上时，又被该排冷却管再冷却而使其过冷度增加。

It is then collected by the machine enclosure and guided back to the coolant reservoir via the swarf channels.

冷却泵将冷却液从液箱中打入管道、通过滑枕内部到达滑枕端面，然后由机床护罩进行收集并且借助切屑槽返回到冷却液箱。

Recites passive cooling technology methods of buildings, describes the structure of each cooling methods and compares its performance, in the same time, summarizes passive cooling technology methods of buildings fit for drought and torridity area, introduce basal principle of moisture-conditioned material, new pattern porosity moisture-conditioned material Used in buildings, recommend the structure and transfer principle of this material.

从叙述建筑物被动冷却方式入手，对各种冷却方式的结构特征进行了描述和性能比较，同时总结了适用于干热地区环境因素的建筑物被动冷却方式，并重点介绍了近年来迅速发展应用的调湿材料的基本原理，提出了一种新型的用于贴附于建筑物墙体外表面的多孔调湿材料，简述了这种材料的结构特征及内部的传递机理。

By varying the flux of water in the water jacket, we could seethat the cooling effect was correlated to the flux of water in the water jacket.

通过改变外水套中冷却水流量，得到了外水套中冷却水流量对冷却效果的影响趋势。

Especially the alloyage technics reatly improved the heat conducting function of cooling wall.

尤其是冷却水管的合金化处理技术，在保证防渗碳效果及微量间隙的同时，使冷却壁整体热阻降低了50%以上，极大地提高了冷却壁的导热性能

The electroncooling time value and its dependence on some parameters must beknown in design of the cooler scheme and studies on beam propertiesin a cooler ring because the cooling time characterizes the speed ofcooling. Generally, calculation of the cooling time is based upon thecooling force.

本论文的重点就是从理论上修正了电子冷却力的普遍形式，由此对电子冷却过程进行了计算机模拟，首次解决了冷却时间的理论计算问题。

So far, the cooling system in calibrator is designed by experience. It is difficult to test the effect of different cooling system on cooling time of profile by experimentation.

迄今为止，定型模冷却系统的设计大都是凭经验进行的，然而通过实验的方法来测试不同冷却系统对型材冷却速度的影响是相当困难的。

He is the most remarkable man that I have ever known.

他是我知道的人中最值得注意的人。

Increased appearance of lymphocele was noticed in patients with diabetic nephropathy, congenital malformations of the urinary tract, and inflammatory diseases, including glomerulopathy and extraglomerular ones, after high-voltage radiotherapy and after removal of the renal graft.

经过高压放射疗法和切除移植肾后，在糖尿病肾病患者、泌尿系统先天性畸形患者和炎症患者身上发现淋巴囊肿有所增加，包括肾小球病和球外疾病等。