公平价格

Arm's length price Price between corporations under fully competitive conditions.

公平价格公司之间在充分竞争的条件下形成的价格。

Indeed, any toxic asset purchase or guarantee programme must be an ineffective, inefficient and inequitable way to rescue inadequately capitalised financial institutions: ineffective, because the government must buy vast amounts of doubtful assets at excessive prices or provide over- generous guarantees, to render insolvent banks solvent; inefficient, because big capital injections or conversion of debt into equity are better ways to recapitalise banks; and inequitable, because big subsidies would go to failed institutions and private buyers of bad assets.

实际上，通过购买或担保问题资产来救助资金不足的金融机构，注定是一种不起作用、效率低下且不公平的手段：不起作用是由于政府必须以过高的价格购买大量可疑资产，或者提供过于慷慨的担保，才能使丧失偿付能力的银行重获偿付能力；效率低下是由于巨额注资或债转股才是对银行资本重组的更好方法；而不公平是由于巨额补贴将落入破产机构和不良资产的私人买家之手。

This flies in the face of common industry practices such as special offers, fleet discounts and demonstrator sales which we think are unfair.

面对共同的工业化生产，特殊的价格、很小的折扣、指定的销售价格，我们认为都是不公平的。

On the basis of expectation disconformity pattern, considering simultaneously equity pattern and need disconformity pattern, this model introduces perceptive equity and perceptive price variables, and designs the corresponding observable variables and path relations for these structural variables.

该模型在期望不一致模式的基础上，同时考虑了公平模式和需要不一致模式，引入感知公平和感知价格变量，并为这些结构变量设计了相应的观测变量和路径关系，建立了由顾客满意、企业形象、感知价格到顾客忠诚三条路径关系，改变了传统模型中从顾客满意到顾客忠诚路径过于单一的情况。

To be tricked into believing something that is not true 上……的当;受……的骗 Don't fall for the fair words of the door-to-door businessmen. That was the summer I worked at the fairground and met and fell for Lucy.21. Serve sb. right: to be a good punishment for sb.活该 You have missed so good a chance. It served you right to suffer the consequence now.

要点：该句为并列复合句，由 whereupon 连接两个并列句，而后一个分句中，又由 even though 引导了一个让步状语从句，意为"即使，尽管"， fair price 指的是公平价格，这不是一个具体的价格，而是指卖方原则上应得到的价格，即卖方能得到的适当的利润或对投入的资本能有适当收益的价格。

Estimating a fair value of the yuan is a dauntingly tricky business.

估算人民币的公平价格实在是一个可怕而需要技巧的任务。

Many Slovenians also debate the effect that the currency changeover will have on the cost of local goods, although the government has vowed to keep a close eye on retailers to ensure that fair pricing rather than overpricing is the norm in the country's shops.

虽然政府发誓说要密切关注零售商，确保本国店铺里面保持正常的公平价格，不会有高价现象，很多斯洛文尼亚人还是在争论换用欧元对本地货物成本的影响。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

The fair price of a financial asset is the price discounted by time value and adjusted with risk premium.

资产的公平价格就是一定数量的现金流经过时间贴现和风险调整的价格。

Article 4 The State protects fair and lawful pricing, and prohibits price frauds, monopolies and other illegitimate pricing.

第四条 国家保护公平、合法的价格行为，禁止价格欺诈、垄断和其他不正当的价格行为。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。