先例的

In the Anglo-American system, of course, precedent is a fundamental precept.

当然，在英美法系中，先例是基本的规则。

The doctrine of precedent is the essence and foundation of the Anglo- American legal system.

遵循先例制度是英国法的精华和基础。

For political scientists, especially those who have studied the phenomenon of "Muslim Democracy" in the belief that the Turkish case could be a precedent for others, the recent turmoil in Pakistan and the assassination of Benazir Bhutto have been a great tragedy in a pivotal country that had the potential to develop a new concordat between Islam and open politics.

对政治学家，尤其是那些研究"穆斯林民主"现象——他们相信，土耳其的情况是其它国家的一个先例——的人而言，最近发生在巴基斯坦的混乱以及贝布托遭暗杀已是这个有可能在伊斯兰教与开放政治之间发展出一套新政教协约的关键性国家的莫大悲哀。

While the appearance of the Equity maxim and the formation of the rule of precedent of Equity was not only the application of technical Equity theory in judicial practice, but also the mark of the formation of the entity of Equity.

而衡平法格言的出现以及衡平法先例的确立，既是技术的衡平法理学在司法实践中的具体运用，也是实体衡平法形成的标志。

While considering soldiers of the United States and its allies to be above international humanitarian law and protected from the jurisdiction of the ICC, the Pentagon has simultaneously directed the formation, operations and legal precedents of the ICC through the involvement of members of the US military's Judge Advocate General Corps, the legal arm of the Pentagon.

同时考虑士兵的美国和其盟国将上述国际人道主义法和保护，免受国际刑事法院管辖权的，五角大楼同时指示成立，业务和法律先例的情况下通过国际商会成员参与美国军方'这是一种为了满足军法署署长团，法律部门的五角大楼。

Abstract—With identity fraud in our society reaching un- precedented proportions and with an increasing emphasis on the emerging automatic personal identification applications, biomet- rics-based verification, especially fingerprint-based identification, is receiving a lot of attention.

摘要，身份欺诈在我们的社会实现联合国先例的比例，并有越来越重视新兴的自动个人识别应用，皇家注册测量师协会为基础的核查，特别是指纹识别，收到了很多的关注。

The hesitation of our courts in declaring principles may be much more reasonably attributed to the comparative scantiness of our precedents, voluminous as they appear to him who is acquainted with no other system, than to the temper of our judges.

我们的法院所以不愿直截了当地宣布原则，很可能不是由于我们法官的禀性，而是由于我们的先例比较少，虽然我们的先例，在不知其他制度的人看来已是卷帙浩繁的了。

Her thesis was very well received in the defense at the School of Journalism and Communications of Tsinghua University.

当然，我知道，她之所以能够写出这样一篇没有先例的论文，还得益于那些活跃在环保前沿的令人尊敬的真正意义上的"同志"们的热情慷慨的帮助和支持。

Doctrinalism advocates discovering, understanding and creating constitutional meanings according to constitutional principles and spirit by studying the doctrines reflected in constitution.

学说解释方法强调通过体现在宪法文本中的宪法学说，来发现、理解和创造符合于宪法学说原则、精神的宪法含义；历史解释方法则认为在解释宪法时，应当把宪法的基本原则、精神和价值体系，与社会的发展变化情况有机结合起来；而先例解释方法常适用于单独的文本分析不能充分理解宪法条文时，借助于宪法解释机关过去做出的解释案例，以解释先例为基础来探究答案。

The judge will generally cite some reason for overruling the precedent, such as changes in technology or community values since the precedent was established, but he or she does not need to do so.

例如，先例制定以来的技术改革或社团舆论价值，但是他没有必要这么做，他可以直接说先例不正确，否决先例实际上是对法律的一种修正。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。