俯冲

The Caledonian granitoids,majorly distributed in the northern Qimatage mountain,showing geochemical characteristics of Cordilleran I-type grantiods,low-K high-Ca amphibole-bearing calc-alkaline granitoids or peralkaline and alkaline granitoids,and associated with an active continental margin or back-arc basin,indicated the existence of the Qimatage ocean-related limited subdu...

研究表明加里东晚期（430 ～370 Ma）花岗岩主要分布于祁漫塔格山北坡，具科迪勒拉I 型花岗岩或ACG、PAG 特征，代表活动大陆边缘或弧后盆地构造属性，加里东晚期祁漫塔格北坡至少存在洋壳的有限俯冲；华力西中期（320 Ma ±）发育伸展型富钾低铝钙碱性花岗岩，类似加里东I 型、CPG、KCG 花岗岩特征，广布于祁漫塔格山和求勉雷克山区，形成于碰撞后构造环境；华力西晚期（270 ～250 Ma）具科迪勒拉I型或ACG 特征，属活动大陆边缘构造环境，其形成与早二叠世特提斯洋的向北俯冲作用有关；印支—燕山期（220 ～160 Ma）具A2 型或富钾低钙钙碱性花岗岩，形成于碰撞后挤压向拉张转折过渡的构造环境。

Mechanism of action is quite different comparing with that below 100km.The analyses indicate that the formation and activity of Tengchong volcano are related to the downthrust and collision of India and Eurasia plates.So,the volcanoes belong to a collision one.

分析还表明，腾冲火山的形成与活动，与印度板块和亚欧板块两个大陆板块俯冲、碰撞，及在缅甸那加山、阿拉干山板块缝合线产生的斜俯冲和侧面挤压剪切作用密切相关，它应该属于两个大陆板块碰撞型板缘火山。

The epicontinental volcanic magma arcs and residual sea basins that occurred at the stages of the oceanic crust subduction and oceanic basin closure, and the epicontinental volcanic...

在洋壳俯冲和洋盆闭合阶段陆缘火山岩浆弧、残余海盆和俯冲带上形成的陆缘-火山碎屑沉积相、含碳质沉积相及混杂蛇绿岩块等是金丰度较高的地质体，构成了成矿系统潜在的矿源层。

Part of the oceanic crust. The presence of the oceanic harzburgite in continental-type UHP belt reveals an integrated process of

地幔橄榄岩，从而揭示大陆造山带从早期的大洋俯冲消亡到大陆俯冲碰撞的完整过程。

Then on the basis of study results about regional geology, ophiolite,structure,and seismic depth-sounding in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its adjacent areas, this paper promotes a new model to interpret tectonics.This new model thinks that in this large area there was not simple B-type subduction which is accompanied with ocean-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges to form ocean basins appearing as new oceans and new ocean plates,but intercontinental seas due to ocean-floor spreading,obduction of ophiolite tectonic slice as oceanic crust slabs and complex A-type subduction of continental lithosphere slabs.

而后又以青藏高原及邻区为例，根据区域地质、蛇绿岩和地质构造研究的成果，特别是地震测深研究的成果，详细地论证了本区不存在有大洋中脊扩张成为大洋盆地的新大洋和大洋板块简单的B型俯冲模式，但存在有海底扩张的陆间海和海洋地壳板片的仰冲以及大陆岩石圈板片复杂的A型俯冲新模式。

Three important conclusions are as follows:(1) the H2O content in garnet and omphacite can be up to 2000ppm and 3000ppm by weight respectively, indicating that they are significant carrier recycing surficial water into deep earth;(2) the heterogeneous distribution at the small scale of the H2O content and hydrogen isotopic ratios suggest that the whole subduction- exhumation process should be very fast;(3) the regular decrease of H2O content from rim to core within some garnet and omphacite grains indicates that hydrogen diffused out from mineral lattice during exhumation in response to sharp pressure decrease, and such hydrogen is expected to be involved in the early-stage retrograde metamorphism.

取得的主要科学认识包括：(1)石榴石和绿辉石的结构水含量可以分别高至2000ppm和3000ppm，这表明它们是板块俯冲过程中将地表水携带进地球深部的重要载体；(2)水含量和氢同位素组成表现出小尺度的不均一分布，说明板块的俯冲和折返过程是十分快速的；(3)在板块折返的早期，由于压力的降低，矿物中的H 会发生不同程度和尺度的扩散，这是早期退变质流体的重要来源。

In the tomographic inversion, we have used 139,021 P-wave arrival times from 9,649 teleseismic events recorded by 305 seismic stations.

结果显示，印度岩石圈地幔俯冲前缘已经到达了羌塘地体中部之下，在俯冲前缘存在一个从地幔深处延伸至地表的大规模低速体。

This belt was formed during the Indo-China Stage of intracontinental collision of East Qinling Orogen Belt; 9. Many structural features imply the existence of Wudangshan nappe, which was formed by intracontinental subduction during Indo-China stage; and 10. The evidences of stratigraphy, petrology and structure imply that the collision of the two Paleoplate took place during the last stage of Caledonian, while the intracontinental subduction and the nappe took place during Indo-China stage, and the transcurrent basins took place during Yenshan stage. In the last part of this article, all kinds of favourable mineral forming conditions were analysed.

这条高压变质带是印支期东秦岭造山带陆间碰撞阶段产生的；9、各种构造迹象表明武当山推覆体的存在，它是印支期因陆间俯冲造成的准原地推覆体；10、地层、岩石、构造等各方面的证据表明南北板块的碰撞发生于加里东末期，而海西期至印支期为陆间俯冲和推覆作用阶段，燕山期则是应力松驰和断陷盆地发育的阶段，本文最后对区内各种有利的成矿地质条件作了扼要的分析。

As board piece dive continuity, basin of the arc before slimy basin world appeared in, formed copper - lead - bed of zincic much metal.

早泥盆世，由于古亚洲洋板块的俯冲，在阿尔泰南缘形成了一系列陆缘断陷盆地，并伴随以铅、锌、铜、铁多金属为主的矿化；同时，俯冲的古亚洲洋板块发生部分熔融，形成了埃达克岩及和其有关的铜矿床。

A number of geological and mineral composition and geochemical investigations indicate that the deep geodynamics process and mantle characteristics of middle Jurassic gabbros suits from south Jiangxi province are distinguish from Cretaceous gabbros suits from coastal belt of Fijian province, the former are related to mantle upwelling and lithosphere extension, the later are related to subduction and lie on back-arc basin in tectonic environment.

对赣南车步辉长岩类的地质特征、矿物学和地球化学特征进行了研究，着重讨论它与沿海辉长岩类构造环境和源区性质的不同，研究表明它可能是中国东南部中侏罗世软流圈上涌、岩石圈伸展和地壳裂解的产物，而沿海白垩纪辉长岩类的构造环境是弧后拉张盆地；车步辉长岩类的源区可能是未受到明显俯冲组分影响的富集地幔，而沿海白垩纪辉长岩类的源区可能包含较多俯冲组分。

The big eared hedgehog, the little owl, the sand gecko, the three-toed jerboa, and every show needs a villain - saw-scale - the viper!

大耳刺猬，小猫头鹰，沙壁虎，三趾跳鼠，每场戏都需要反派角色：蝰蛇。

Plasmodiophora brassicae ; resting spores ; density gradient centrifugation of sucrose ; ultrasonic disruption

根肿；休眠孢子；蔗糖密度梯度离心；超声波破碎