代用品的

The earth," he adds elsewhere,"especially if fresh, has a certain magnetism in it, by which it attracts the salt, power, or virtue which gives it life, and is the logic of all the labor and stir we keep about it, to sustain us; all dungings and other sordid temperings being but the vicars succedaneous to this improvement.

土地，&他还在另一个地方写着，&特别是新鲜的土地，其中有相当的磁力，可以吸引盐、力，或美德来加强它的生命，土地也是劳力的对象，我们在土地上的所有活动养活了我们，一切粪肥和其他的恶臭的东西只不过是此种改进的代用品而已。

The seventh century brought with It a relaxation, not indeed in canonical penance, but in the ecclesiastical control; on the other hand, there was an increase in the number of crimes which demanded a fixed penance if discipline was to be maintained; besides, many hereditary rights of a particular nature, which had led to a certain mitigation of the universal norm of penance, had to be taken into consideration; substitutes and so-called redemptiones, which consisted in pecuniary donations to the poor or to public utilities, gradually gained entrance and vogue; all this necessitated the drawing up of comprehensive lists of the various crimes and of the penances to be imposed for them, so that a certain uniformity among confessors might be reached as to the treatment of penitents and the administration of the sacraments.

公元7世纪带来了一个放松，不确实，在典型忏悔，但在教会的控制；另一方面，有一种上升的罪案数字，其中要求一个固定的忏悔，如果纪律，是坚持下去，此外，还有不少世袭权利的一个特殊性质，这导致了一定的缓解的普遍规范的忏悔，不得不加以考虑；代用品和所谓redemptiones ，其中包括在金钱捐赠给穷人或公共事业，逐步得到入口处和Vogue ；这一切都需要制订全面的名单，种种罪行和对penances被强加他们，让某一个一致性confessors可能达成以治疗penitents和政府的圣礼。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。