中心化过程

Because of inappropriate operation between oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles of signalized intersections of urban areas in Taiwan the department of traffic ever offered corrigible opinions involve in right of way, center of intersections adjudging hard and indirectly encouraged to accelerate left-turn vehicles. But all still lack quantification analysis. Therefore, this problem is worth studying.This study will aim at safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections. So, this study will be based on row's theory, theory of traffic conflicts, and take many factors into consideration, such as the width of the intersections, types of the intersections, center of the intersections, the size of the vehicles, the location of the vehicles, the radius of turn, paths of operation, the speed of the vehicles, the types of collisions, the angle of road, and also deduce formulas of coordinate of paths. The main method used in this research is the simulation of different situations. By the method, the analytic model of safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections will be established, and this study will also subsume critical speed of conflict and expected number of times of safe passage. Finally involved rules of safe passage will be proffered.

鉴於台湾都市地区路口对向直行左转车辆常遭受对向车辆不当驾驶行为干扰，因而道路交通主管机关曾针对路口对向直行左转相关道路交通法规可能产生之对向直行左转路权判断不易、路口中心处不易区分、间接鼓励路口转弯车加速左转等问题提出检讨之修正意见，唯整体考量仍缺少〝量化〞分析，系一值得研究之课题，因此，本研究将针对号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行问题於法规层面上之特殊性，以交通冲突理论、路权理论为基础，并考量路口宽度、路口型式、路口中心处、车辆尺寸、转弯半径、运行轨迹、行驶速率、行车位置、最终碰撞型态、道路交角等因素，先行推导车辆行驶轨迹座标公式，再利用情境模拟分析法，进行号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行分析，分析过程中则纳入冲突临界速率与安全通行期望次数理念，并根据路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率集中分布范围之分析结果及相关理论，研拟号志化路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率，及对向直行左转车辆路权判断原则，以供驾驶者路口直行左转安全通行之参考。

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

Our synthesis is characteristic of ready availability of starting material (piperonal, ethyl oxalate, allyl bromide, ethyl 4-bromobutyrate), operationally simple reactions with cheap reagent chemicals, and atom economy.

在合成过程中，我们没有使用任何保护基，也没有将反应活性中心氮原子钝化；相反地，利用这一富电子活性中心的许多反应来构筑我们的三尖杉碱环系。

Viii Furthermore, topicalisation realises the situational parameter Mode, the speaker's manipulative ways of arrangements of experiential meaning in terms of his cognitive schema and communicative intention in aware of the addressee's knowledge; and the phonological category for realising Theme and Topic is Tonicity. It is then clear that topic systems in text are informational in essence.

作者还区分了由中心主题系统明确表达的说话人的编码意图，及其与可能存在的其它隐含意图之间的关系，说明了将"意图"和"语义"分离开来的必要性，探讨了"主题化"和"隐喻化"暨"说话人意图"之间、以及后两者和语言编码之间的关系，指出了大脑处理信息过程的复杂性。

A pivotal problem to recognize of the precise position of laser facula has been solved in the process of design work: Firstly the method of background-subtraction is used to eliminate or weaken the affect of background light. Secondly the image threshold segmentation operation and morphologic operation are used to locate the sketchy position of laser facula ; Then the new method of Extracting Edge are designed based on character of laser facula , by using this method in the search area the edges of laser facula can be extracted effectively; At last the optimum picture of laser facular is selected by using the triggering function of hardware and function of software. The exact result can be obtained only by image processing to optimum picture.

在设计过程中解决了精确确定激光斑中心位置这一关键问题：首先利用减背景法，消除或减弱背景光的变化对确定激光光斑中心的影响；再对减完背景后的图片进行阈值分割和二值化处理以确定激光光斑的粗略位置；根据本文激光光斑的特征，设计了一个有效的边界提取算法，对指定区域进行提取激光光斑边界操作，精确的确定激光斑中心位置；最后利用硬件的触发功能和软件编程实现了激光光斑最佳图片的判读，只有对最佳图片进行图像处理得到结果才是准确的。

The fracture reasons of high strength PC steel wire are analyzed, it's considered that center segregation, central cavitation, poriness and inclusion are the metallurgical reasons which lead to the facture of PC steel wire and in the rolling process, differential coping quality, microcrack caused by surface defect, abnormal microstructure caused by burnt and improper cooling velocity, the ears on the head of the wire, overlapping of the wire rod itself are the main reasons which lead to the facture of PC steel wire. At the same time, inappropriate pickling, differential phosphorization quality, the bad heat treatment quality, the generation of crack in the improper drawing and transverse crack caused by abnormal laying of the drawing die are also the reasons of the cracking of PC wire.

对高强度PC钢丝断裂原因进行了分析，认为连铸坯的中心偏析、中心缩孔、疏松和夹杂是导致PC钢丝断裂的冶金原因；轧制过程中，较差的修磨质量、表面缺陷导致的微裂纹，过烧以及不适当的冷却速度导致的非正常显微组织，盘条头部的耳子、盘条本身折叠是导致PC钢丝断裂的主要原因；同时，不恰当的酸洗、较差的磷化及热处理质量、不适当拉丝裂纹的产生、拉拔模具安放不正导致的横裂也是PC钢丝断裂的原因。

After they reached Yunnan, Hans migration had become Yunnan people from foreigner through garrisoning, opening up wasteland, growing food grain, settling and combining with land. Their distribution showed that they concentrated on main cities, important military fort, and inner basin plan and along traffic lines and pushed forward to the mountain areas where minority lived. Consequently, the status where an area inhabited by Han and other nationalities established the nationalities distributing pattern of Yunnan in latter-day. Th productivity labor of Hans migration pushed forward the social productivity of Yunnan.

他们的定居分布具有中心城镇屯聚、内地坝区密集屯田、交通干线的驿堡屯戍并向次要道路和边远民族山区层层推进的态势，奠定了云南近代汉族与少数民族杂居而形成的各民族大杂居、小聚居的分布格局；他们的生产活动推动了明代云南社会生产力的巨大发展；他们土著化过程中的阶级分化，不仅促进了云南地主经济的广泛发展，推动云南的社会变革，更重要的是汉族移民壮大云南知识分子力量和人口基础，促进知识分子士绅阶层在明代云南社会中广泛兴起，标志着云南人口素质有了很大提高，对云南社会产生了深远的影响。

The principle of popular sovereignty becomes proceduralist principle in the political process because de-central tendency of discourse principle and unties human rights by liberalism.

对于人民主权通过话语商谈论的去中心化的倾向，使得人民主权原则成为政治过程的程序主义原则，并使之与自由主义所强调的个人自由内在统一起来。

Compared to other models pointed out by foreign scholars, my model was characteristic of multiple periods during evolution of urban systems, complexities of the course of forming urban systems, multiple types of urban functions, periodicity of regional changes of the important regions of urban development, periodicity of dominances of inland central city and seaport gateway city.

此后，随着海疆由开启转为封闭，再由封闭转为开启，最大城市由青岛转为济南，再由济南转为青岛；中心地职能体系由&青岛单中心体系&转换为&青岛、济南双中心体系&，再转换为&青岛单中心体系&；工业发展重点区域也由沿海转向内陆，再由内陆转向沿海；口岸城市的门户职能强度也经历了增强、减弱、增强的不对称&U&型变动；城市体系的空间结构经历了碎化—整合—碎化的过程。

Advanced to the mold of sheet metal assembly line, fully automated electrostatic spray line for hardware support to the international ISO9001 quality management system to provide a product from raw material purchasing, production process to install a full service quality assurance, was awarded the Trade and Industry Bureau in Henan Province -"Contract, keeping promises," the glorious title of enterprises, the Year of Quality and Technical Supervision issued by the Information Center "customer satisfaction products" on the certificate, products through the national office supplies equipment for Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of detection, thus making the work of famous brand pilot North and South, the best-selling products in more than 20 provinces, municipalities autonomous regions, and by the vast number of users of all ages.

以先进的模具化钣金流水线、全自动静电喷塑流水线为硬件支持，以ISO9001 国际质量管理体系提供产品从原材料购进、生产过程到安装服务的全程质量保证，被河南省工商局授予省级&重合同、守信用&企业的光荣称号，荣膺省质量技术监督局信息中心颁发的&用户满意产品&证书，产品通过国家办公用品设备质量监督检验中心的检测，从而使先导品牌名扬大江南北，产品畅销全国20多个省、市自治区，深受广大用户的青睐。

In her eyes, because that is the doorway toher heart * the place where love resides.

女人的漂亮必須從她的眼睛中去看，因為那是她心靈的窗戶和愛居住的地方

I will send some postcards to you.

我会向你发送一些明信片。