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In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

In addition,the ideal working parameters were provided based on the research of working parameters and the object of pruning robot.During the research,a test system based on force sensor was developed,the friction coefficients between tyre and standing tree trunk of arborvitae,ginkgo and acacia were measured by the test system.This paper provides important data for the power selecting of pruning robot.

同时，对整枝机的工作参数、对象进行研究，提出了整枝机的合理工作参数，设计了一套测试系统；采用测力传感器测定整枝机系统轮胎与树木的作用力，计算出了轮胎与树木之间的摩擦系数；测定了侧柏、银杏、刺槐等几种主要树木的摩擦系数，为整枝机的动力选择提供了重要的依据。

At the same time, on the base of analysis of the present situation, the development trend and the leading edge technology, the necessity and feasibility about the exploitation of the full hydraulic bulldozer"s sate monitoring and fault diagnosis system is given; According to the structure, working feature and working environment, it works out system schema and system composition; The system is divided into display module, communication module and fault diagnosis module by means of block design, the implementation method and key parameter are also given; In light of the features of the full hydraulic bulldozer, the state monitoring and fault diagnosis platform composed of controller RC6-9 and display DI2/10 is designed based on CAN-Bus and the hardware design is completed; It lists the measured values and state of monitored parameters which should be real-time displayed in monitoring module as well as the data which will be transmitted; Furthermore, On the base of the study of, it gives 34 kinds of constant faults" diagnosis methods; Using BODAS software and DPS software, it compile the program code of the controller and the displayer; At last, this paper design and make the simulation test device of control system of construction machinery, through the experiment, the realizability, the categoricalness, the reliability, the stability and real-time are tested, in addition, the improved methods are given.

本文收集整理了国内外智能推土机研究的相关文献资料，综合分析了国内外智能推土机的研究现状、发展趋势和前沿技术，论证了开发全液压推土机智能系统的重要组成部分&全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统&的必要性和可行性；根据全液压推土机的结构、作业特点和作业环境，制定了全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统方案，确定了系统的结构组成；采用模块化设计方法，将整个系统分成了显示、通信和故障诊断三个模块，给出了各模块功能的实现方法，确定了各模块的关键技术参数：选用RC6-9和DI2／10作为系统的控制器和显示器，用CAN总线搭建了系统的通信平台，完成了系统的硬件设计；确定了系统监测参数和通信数据，对全液压推土机常见故障特征进行了分析，给出了34种常见故障的诊断方法；在BODAS软件和DPS软件的集成编程环境下，编写了控制器和显示器程序；设计并制作了工程机械控制系统模拟试验板，并在此基础上通过多次的程序调试与试验，对所设计的全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统功能的可实现性、完备性、可靠性、稳定性和实时性进行了检验，证实了此系统的可行性，并提出了进一步的改进方案和措施。

In this paper, based on the knowledge about the change in the microstructures and mechaniacal properties of the cast irons with the influence of temperature, stress and thermo—mechanical circulated load in working cycle of ingot mould, the temperature and stress fields have been analysed by means of thermo-elastic-plastic finitive element, and futher, the behavior of thermal stress factors in every working cycle of the mould have been investigated, by which principles for optimum design of ingot mould's structure has been put out.

本文以钢锭模一个使用周期内的温度场、应力场及热一力循环载荷作用下铸铁的组织结构和力学性能的变化规律为基础。利用热弹塑性有限元法对钢锭模使用过程中的温度场及应力场进行了分析，并进一步研究了钢锭模在每个使用周期间的热应力参数的变化规律，提出了钢锭模结构优化设计的基本原则。

In chapter 5, the integrated flow of colligation measurement system of concrete pump is designed to measure the systems integration interface by using GUI interface of Matlab.The real time working conditons are inspected by processing of filter, examining data, judging working conditions, calculating pumpage and analyzing error. In Chapter 6, the research of this paper is summed up and forcasted.

第五章设计了混凝土泵车实时排量检测系统集成流程，用Matlab中的GUI界面设计实现了泵车实时检测系统集成界面，把采集来的信号读取到界面后进行滤波处理、数据查看、实时工况判断、实时排量计算和误差分析，检测泵车泵送系统和液压系统实时工况。

In this paper, it is proposed that the target can be accomplished through the ways of focusing on the living compared with working itself, giving prominence to the free realization, praising highly of the corporate value shared, upbuilding an atmosphere of wide recognition among members, shifting working matters and establishing an appealing procedure.

本文从提倡生活与工作质量、突出自在实现，到推崇共有价值观、营造互相欣赏的组织氛围、实行工作内容丰富制，以及建立申述程序等方面提出建议。

This paper mainly deals with the key technologies involved in a guide tracked drop hammer breaker, including the working mechanism of the drop hammer , the design conception and working principle of the hydraulic control system, Indoor tests conducted on the prototype show that main parameters have met the design requirements.

本文重点论述了导轨式落锤碎石机的关键技术─-落锤工作机构及其液控系统的设计思路、工作原理。

In this paper, based on the experiments. The changed law of underwater gun's bore are analyzed with the changed working conditions, including the change of working medium?

对坡膛压力在不同工作条件下的变化规律进行了分析，包括工作介质的变化、水深的变化、弹头质量的变化等。

The paper introduces the working principle of the device, calculation method and step of the magnetic circuit, makes magnetic division to working airspace and calculates magnetic circuit by leakage coefficient method.

介绍该装置的工作原理、磁路的计算方法及步骤，对工作气隙进行磁场划分，用漏磁系数法计算磁路。

Between this paper and to strengthen strength characteristic between position and original common working effect of structure carry on scientific analysis ruggedized construction, have expounded calculating the working routine that assumed and thestructure strengthened basically of ruggedized construction, then introduced the detailed one to the reinforcement technology of the reinforced concrete structure, have proposed to strengthen the scheme optimum seeking decision method, namely the decision method of fuzzy optimum seeking based on theory of the fuzzy set.

本文对加固结构的受力特征以及加固部位与原结构的共同工作效应进行科学的分析，阐明了加固结构的基本计算假定及结构加固的工作程序，然后对钢筋混凝土结构的加固技术进行了详细的介绍，并提出了加固方案的优选决策方法，即基于模糊集理论的模糊优选决策方法。

This paper designs the communication system of radio telescope FAST.

针对500m口径球面射电望远镜FAST分布式控制系统的特点完成了其通信系统的设计。

Political sheep's step-by-step a large number of fossils unearthed in the county soil Ma Ali after rural village in the middle of sallow pelitic siltstone.

步氏和政羊化石大量出土于广河县阿力麻土乡后山村，产于灰黄色泥质粉砂岩中。