查询词典 volcanic cloud

The data observed during the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project from 1983 to 2001 demonstrates the slight decrease of total cloud amount and the obvious increase of total cloud water path in most of China, which means the cloud property has changed, and the cloud becomes more opaque. These cloud changes show the precipitable water in atmosphere has an increasing trend, and the earth_atmosphere system becomes moister year by year.

分析1983～2001年间国际卫星云气候计划观测的资料得出，我国大部分地区的总云量保持微小的减少趋势而总云水路径处于明显的增加趋势，这表明云变得更不透明了，它的物理属性发生了明显的变化；预示着大气可降水量有逐年增加的趋势，地气系统变得更湿润。

In the central island of Honshu; rich soil, such as Hill-based Fuji volcanic belt (from the central island of Honshu by the Pacific Ocean to the Izu Oshima Island seven); to birds, such as seamounts mainly of sea birds volcanic belt (in the Honshu Island in the Sea of Japan side of the north-east); Zunqian to mountain-based Nasu volcanic belt (from the western island of Hokkaido, Honshu Island, as central to north-east); to Tokachi Yue, Huangshan, and other sulfur-based Kuril volcanic belt ( From the central island of Hokkaido to the north-east extended to the Kuril Islands).

；以富土山等为主的富士火山带（从本州岛中部经太平洋上的大岛至伊豆七岛）；以鸟海山等为主的鸟海火山带（在本州岛东北部日本海一侧）；以樽前山等为主的那须火山带（从北海道岛西部经本州岛东北部至中部）；以十胜岳、硫黄山等为主的千岛火山带（从北海道岛中部向东北延伸至千岛群岛）。

Volcanic ash in surface sediments around Zhongsha Islands of the South China Sea mainly include three kinds of volcanogenic detritus: that is, brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria.

南海中沙近海表层沉积物的轻组分(粒径为63~125μm)中主要包括有褐色火山玻璃、无色火山玻璃以及火山渣等3种火山灰类型。

The greenstone belt is a typical volcanic-sedimentary formation formed by metabasic-acid volcanic rocks and partly metasedimentary rocks. The bimodal volcanic rocks are mainly tholeiite, which transforms upward into calc-alkali volcanic rock series.

绿岩带为典型的变质基性－酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造，火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主，向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列，表现为双峰态型特点。

Results show that the Spiti shale in Zanskar terminated 15Ma later than that in southern Tibet, while the lowermost Cretaceous quartz sandstone in Zanskar appeared 18Ma later than that in southern Tibet. The age of volcanic sandstone in southern Tibet is very poorly time constraint and their deposition occurred somewhere within Berriasian～early Albian. In Thakkhola, the Chukh Group volcanic sandstone are of late Hauterivian-early Albian age (duration about 20Ma), while in Zanskar, the volcanic sandstones facies only appeared in Albian (duration of less than 10Ma). Therefore, it can be concluded that the onsets of both quartz sandstone and volcanic sandstone occurred earlier in eastern Tethys Himalayas than in western Tethys Himalayas .

侏罗纪末～白垩纪初印度大陆的北缘同时期存在大陆向上挠曲，导致陆源碎屑输入量的快速增加，石英砂岩广泛存在；早白垩世火山岩屑砂岩对应着的印度大陆北缘地层侵蚀加深，使得较深部的深成火山岩暴露并遭受侵蚀；石英砂岩和早白垩世岩屑砂岩所代表的印度大陆剥露时间在空间上的&东早西晚&，说明构造运动首先是从特提斯喜马拉雅的东部开始（大印度与澳大利亚的彻底分离），然后逐渐波及西部的，东西时间差为15～20Ma；由于地壳均衡作用，大陆分离后原先地壳挠曲转变为地壳下沉，发生强烈的构造沉降，故Albian之后沉积一套深水环境下的海绿石、磷酸盐和黑色页岩沉积。

The activities of Wangtian′e volcano lasted for three periods:①The Changbai period volcanic rocks consisting mainly of trachybasalt with small amount of alkalic basalt and basaltic trachyandesite;② The Wangtian′e period can be further divided into early and late periods, the early period volcanic rocks consisting of basaltic trachyandesite and trachyte, the late period volcanic rocks cosisting of alkalic rhyolite;③The Hongtoushan period volcanic rocks consisting of alkalic rhyolite.

望天鹅火山活动从早到晚分为三期：①长白期以粗面玄武岩为主，少量碱性玄武岩和玄武质粗安岩；②望天鹅期又分早晚两个亚期，早期玄武质粗安岩和粗面岩，晚期碱性流纹岩；③红头山期碱性流纹岩。

Based on the radar dense data of convectional cloud on June 12,2004 in Yongdeng county,choosing two similar convectional clouds as seeding and non-seeding cloud,the remarkable changes of radar echo parameters of the seeding cloud compared with the non-seeding cloud were discussed in this paper,and the rain enhancement effect was evaluated primarily with ground observational rainfall data.The results show that many aspects of the seeding cloud,such as precipitation,life characteristic and vertical characteri...

利用2004年6月12日甘肃省永登县雷达观测对流云的加密资料，选取了2次相似对流云过程分别作为目标云和对比云，探讨了目标云作业前后较对比云雷达回波有关参数的显著变化，并结合地面雨量点观测资料对地面人工增雨作业效果进行了初步分析，结果表明：目标云在降水、生命期特征、回波垂直特征参数变化方面，表现出作业前后较对比云存在明显差异，目标云作业40 m in后地面产生0.6 mm降水，而对比云则从新生发展到减弱消散阶段经历较短的时间(30 m in)，地面并无降水产生，从而推断本次人工增雨达到了一定的预计效果。

Transmissions at 0.75 and 1.65 μm can also be used to retrieve τ and re. 2. Study the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on the satellite retrieval simultaneously. Two 3D cloud fields, cumulus and stratocumulus fields are used in our study. The two cloud fields are generated with LES model and are adopted by the I3RC phase II. The BRDF at the wavelengths of 0.65 and 2.13 μm are calculated with SHDOM, and then the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius are simultaneously retrieved using the MODIS algorithm. We studied the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on the satellite retrieval at high and medium resolutions. Some conclusions have been made, such as the BRDF abnormal phenomenon, the reverse relationship between τ and re, the clustering effect of over and under estimation in the retrieval of τ and re .

我们选用为I3RC所采用的由LES模式给出的具有明确物理属性的两个高分辨率三维云场－积云场与层积云场，利用SHDOM三维辐射传输模式来模拟卫星观测的辐射值，并采用MODIS算法进行反演，同时研究了在高分辨云场及中低分辨率云场下，云的非均匀性对反演云光学厚度及有效粒子半径的影响，并得到了云的非均匀性会造成的双向反射率异常，反演结果中光学厚度与有效粒子半径的负相关关系，高估或低估现象是成&簇&出现的等结论。

Contemporary artificial rainfall is artificial rainfall basically is principle of basis nature rainfall, launch activator from the ground through the plane is spread or using tall artillery piece, rocket, wait like silver iodide, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, drop cloud layer temperature thereby, form supersaturation lunt; to perhaps condense to the boardcast sowing in the cloud layer that contains supersaturation lunt nucleus, increase the ice crystal amount in the cloud, increase the amount of drip-drop and diameter then, raise cloud precipitation change rate, achieve the goal that raises precipitation of bureau ground nature thereby.

二、现代的人工降雨人工降雨主要是依据自然降雨原理，通过飞机播撒或利用高炮、火箭从地面上发射催化剂，如碘化银、干冰、液氮等，从而降低云层温度，形成过饱和水汽；或者向含有过饱和水汽的云层中撒播凝聚核，增加云中的冰晶数量，进而增加雨滴的数量和直径，提高云降水的转化率，从而达到增加局地自然降水的目的。

It is presented that indirect assimilation experiment of CMW data from TCFM method improves effectively not only on vertical velocity field but for precipitation.4 Based on theory analysis, E-Ir relationship is brought forward with two electrification mechanisms. One is inductive mechanism, i.e., cloud particles collide with precipitation particles then flick away, the other is noninductive mechanism because of different temperature, i.e., bigger supercooled cloud particles collide and freeze with hail particles combined with ice scraps. By means of CINRAD and FY2C data assimilation, precipitation intensity Ir can be obtained, then electric field intensity E, discharge time and locations can be achieved with supposed threshold 300KV/m. Though it can not distinguish between IC (Intra-Cloud) lightning and CG (Cloud-to-Ground) lightning, results are still comparable to LLS observations.5 Example analysis shows that the relationship between precipitation data from AMS and CG data from LLS is not very clear.

同化实验对于台风眼区的螺旋形雨带贡献显著，说明TCFM云导风资料同化实验不仅有效调整了模式的垂直速度场，还对降水模拟有了明显改善。4通过理论分析，利用云粒子与极化降水粒子碰撞并弹离的感应起电机制和较大过冷云滴与雹粒碰冻并产生冰屑的温差起电机制下得到的E-Ir，由雷达、卫星遥感资料直接和间接同化模拟得到Ir，来反推E，了解雷暴云中闪电强度的平面分布，设置放电阈值为300KV/m，推算出放电的位置和首次发生闪电的时间。

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。