查询词典 vegetative layer

Vegetative agriculture is one of agricultural production systems with the main aim of harvesting vegetative organs or tissues of plant such as herbages of forage crops, green fodders, vegetables and ornamental plants.

发展营养体农业可以发挥植物生长的各方面优势，充分利用植物的逻辑斯蒂生长规律，对光照强度的要求不高，对气候和土地资源的时间匹配性要求不严，能够减少漏光现象，提高光能利用率，容易避开主要病虫的危害，其生物量和经济产量较高，营养价值好，生产潜力大。

In order to clarify the mechanisms of alleviating injury by cold acclimation in vegetative stage, two winter barley cultivars with different cold tolerance in vegetative stage were used to study the effect of irradiance on leaf H_2O_2 accumulation and ROS scavenging systems after removal of unlethal freezing stress. Moreover, the functions of photosynthetic apparatus in leaves were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence during recovery.

以苗期低温敏感性不同的两个大麦品种为材料，探讨了冷驯化和光强对大麦非致死冻害处理后恢复过程中叶片H_2O_2积累和ROS清除系统的影响，并利用叶绿素荧光技术研究恢复过程中光合器官功能的变化。

Storage condition and available period of water spore, slant tube seed, plate colony and lyophilized vegetative mass were examined. The result showed the best seed style was lyophilized vegetative mass whose ability of high enzyme yield remains stable preserved at -20℃ for three months.

通过对水芽孢、试管斜面、平板菌落和冻干营养体保存条件及其对产酶能力影响的研究，确立冻干营养体为可直接用于摇瓶发酵的生产菌种，该菌种在-20℃保存三个月对发酵无不良影响。

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

He also suggested the five layers of neurosis that could block individual growth, which were phony layer, phobic layer, impasse layer, implosive layer and explosive layer.

皮尔斯人格思想和理论的贡献主要表现在：首先，它促进了现代人格理论的发展；其次，它促进了存在心理学在美国的发展；再次，皮尔斯以此为基础创建了独特的格式塔疗法。

The results of immuhistochemistry show: compared with normal retina, more 3-NT-positive cells and iNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; less eNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer and vascular endoderm of diabetic retina; less nNOS -positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; more ET-positive cells, ETRA- positive cells, ETRB- positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; moreα- synuclein- positive cells appear in ocular cone and rod layer of diabetic retina. Conclusions 1. RFDD-PCR is an efficient technique for research diseases genomics as a mass screening to complete gene expression with the identifying of candidate gene related to disease.

免疫组织化学结果显示：13-NT和NOS：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，INL的3-NT和iNOS免疫阳性细胞明显增多，INL和血管内皮层的eNOS阳性细胞明显减少，INL的nNOS阳性细胞也明显减少；2ET及ETR：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，ET、ETRA、ETRB免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于INL，而在血管内皮层增多不明显；3α-synuclein：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，α-synuclein免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于视网膜视锥视杆层。

In this paper, as a case of Karamay, we have studied on space-time changement of soil quality in oasis of arid area. We measured quality for different land use types and years in same type by combinativing field sampling for Karamay in Xinjiang and analysis in laboratory, which is directed by former theory of soil quality. Then we did integrated evaluation of soil quality for different land use types, and had drew some conclusions as followed: In four land use types, the soil bulk density of layers(0～15cm) for farmland and tree land is bigger than the other land use types.The organic matter of every layer in manpower Tamarix Bulrush land is bigger; organic matter of Tamarix Bulrush land release efficiency nitrogen which result ration of C/N is higher; total nitrogen of all layers in farmland variety great as being effected by mass use of nitrogen in agriculture; deadwood and defoliation of tree、shrub and bulrush pooled in 5cm layer to result that quick nitrogen is the biggest among all layers. The total salt of nature shrub tree land for every layer being bigger than farmland explain that nature shrub thee land strongly stand salt and farmland for basification in this area; that the nutrient of face layer is bigger than the ground layer may be explained by that vegetation gather nutrient to be stored in deadwood and defoliation.

本文对以克拉玛依为例，对干旱区绿洲土壤质量的时间空间变化进行研究，在有关土壤质量的研究理论指导下，通过田间调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法，对新疆克拉玛依市农业开发区的不同土地利用方式及同一土地利用方式下不同利用年限土样土壤理化性质进行测定，从而对新垦绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤质量进行综合评价，结果如下：四种土地利用方式中，农地、乔木林地表层(0-15cm)土壤容重较大；各土层人工柽柳芦苇地的土壤有机质含量均较大；柽柳芦苇地的有机质在矿化过程中所释放出有效氮，导致柽柳芦苇地的C/N比例较高；受到农业耕作使用大量氮肥的影响，农地各土层全氮含量变异较明显；乔木、灌木及芦苇的枯枝落叶主要集中在5cm范围之内，导致几种土地利用方式类型下该层土壤速效氮最大；天然灌木林地的土壤总盐在各层均较大，其次是农地，说明天然灌木林地的高耐盐能力，以及该区农业生产用地的土壤盐碱化程度较重。

A silicon based piezo-electricity socle girder miniature electric generating apparatus is provided with a silica fixing frame, an oxidizing layer, a platinum/titanium lower metallic layer, a piezo-electricity PZT layer, a platinum/titanium upper metallic layer, an electrode insulation protection layer, and a vibrating base; the structure of the silica fixing frame combines the monocrystal silicon wet method etching and dry-etching to process, whose structure is integrated as a whole, and the center part of the structure is in a socle girder shape, which includes a silicium socle girder and a free end mass block; the piezo-electricity power supply device uses a micro-machining technique to integrally machine, and can realize the integration of the power supply and the microelectronic devices.

一种硅基压电悬臂梁微型发电装置，有硅质固定框架1、氧化层2、铂/钛下金属层3、压电PZT层4、铂/钛上金属层5、电极绝缘保护层6、振动底座7构成；硅质固定框架1的结构是利用单晶硅湿法腐蚀和干法腐蚀相结合完成加工，其结构连为一体，其中心部分的结构为悬臂梁形状，包括硅悬臂梁a和自由端质量块b；压电电源装置利用微加工工艺集成加工，能够很好的实现电源、微电子器件集成。

In the initial stage, the convergence of the low layer was stronger than that of the upper layer of the boundary layer, and the rotation of the boundary layer flow was weak, so a convergence line of the boundary layer was one of important factors to trigger convection.

MCS初期边界层低层的辐合强于边界层高层辐合，边界层气流旋转作用较弱，边界层辐合线是对流触发的重要因素之一。

He's a pretty westernised kind of guy.

他是一个非常西化的人。

National spirit is the moral kingpin for a nation to realize common ideal and goal.

一、中华民族精神的基本内涵党的十六大报告指出：在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。