查询词典 vegetation

For organizing vegetation submodel, started with the bottom-up gateway to agglomerate plot-data. The vegetation types must be confirmed before predictive vegetation mapping, therefore designed a transforming program to combine 585 plot-data from different surveys for the purpose. But the result of the classification and ordination of the combined plot-data couldn't display comprehensive vegetation types of Taiwan, because the plots were insufficient and disproportionate. Consequently, this study adopted the top-down gateway to divisive vegetation. After referring to Taiwan and east-Asia vegetation research papers and American national vegetation classification system etc., the physiognomic classification scheme of Taiwan had been drafted as vegetation submodel. The scheme included 4 levels: 2 classes, 5subclasses (subarctic, coldtemperate, cooltemperate, warmtemperate, subtropical), 8 groups (based on phenology and types of predominant leaf) and 16 formations (based on moisture regime and predominant taxa). And, the scheme dealt completely with the diverse nomenclatures of vegetation types in the past.

为建立植群亚模型，首先依「整合大量样区资料，由下而上的低阶植相聚类」之途径，设计建档程序及转档程式，成功整并不同来源之585个样区资料，但因样区数目不足且分布不均，分析结果未能显示出台湾完整的植群类型；故转循「预先设定植群类型，由上而下的高阶形相分类」之途径，经参考他国植群分类系统及台湾、东亚植群分类研究报告，订定分类原则及架构，提出4阶层之潜在植群形相分类方案：(1)寒原、森林2类群系纲；(2)亚寒带、冷温带、凉温带、暖温带、亚热带5类群系亚纲；(3) 8类群系组表徵优势植群之叶片的物候与形态；(4) 16类群系说明其水分境制及优势分类群；此方案统一处理了过去各种有关植群划分之纷岐名制，方案之各阶植群类型亦即本研究之植群亚模型。

By the field survey which lasting a period of 3 grown seasons and by the means of remote sense and geographic information system, we ascertain the present vegetation pattern of Hunshan-Dake sand land, find out vegetation distribution principles on the different scales in the same time . From west to east, with the increasing of dry degree, the type of plant community changed form the xeric to the mesic. The vegetation of Sand land shows the characteristic of the zonal vegetation, but dont consistent with the traditional diversification principle. The vegetation of the middle part displays a high differential characteristic, which compresses the longitudinal zonation at a certain extent. So we can say that sand land vegetation is semi-zonal.

通过对浑善达克沙地历时三个生长季的地面考察并应用遥感及地理信息系统等手段，确定了浑善达克沙地植被分布现状及浑善达克沙地植被在不同尺度下的分异规律：由西向东，沙地植被随着干燥度的降低，由旱生群落为主的区段递变为以中生群落为主的区段，表现出具有一定的地带性植被特征，但与传统的地带性植被的递变规律不相一致，沙地中段的植被表现出了高度的特异性，在一定程度上压缩了植被的经向地带性，表现出沙地特有的地带性分布规律，所以认为沙地植被是一种半地带性植被。

Based on the analysis on the character of MPDI, the relationship between NDVI and MPDI is studied, and the threshold value of MPDI under densely vegetation covered, middle vegetation covered, sparse vegetation covered and nudation are built. MPDI＞0.12 means the surface is desert,sand or rocks; 0.01＜MPDI＜0.12 means the sureface is covered by middle vegetation, and MPDI＜0.01 means the earth is covered by densely vegetation. 4. Based on the expirical model relation between MPDI and vegetation optical thickness, the latter is computed by the modified algorithm.

在分析微波极化差异指数MPDI特性的基础上，分析了新疆植被指数NDVI和微波极化差异指数MPDI二者的相关关系，并建立了浓密植被覆盖、中等植被覆盖以及稀疏植被覆盖和裸露地表三种植被覆盖状况所对应的微波极化差异指数MPDI阈值。

Namely, the first, the beginning, end and length of growing season of every type of vegetation is estimated with threshold method and moving average method, and the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation from 1982 to 1999 is fitted linearly, finally, linear trend of the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation is analyzed. The second, phenological phase in different years and zones is estimated based on greatest changes of slope method and EOF analysis method, and the result monitored by the two methods is compared, as a result, trend of growing season change from 1982 to 1999 in different latitude zones is better acquired. The third, phenological phase of vegetation in different spatial location from 1982 to 1999 is fitted based on curve. Then, spatial difference rules of growing season of every year and average of multi-year is discussed in article. In the end, lag correlation and linear regress are used to study relation between phenological phase of different types of vegetation, different latitude zones, different spatial places and climate changes.

利用阈值法和滑动平均法逐年估测了每种植被类型的生长季的开始、结束日期及长度；对18年中植被生长季的开始、结束时间和长度进行一次线性拟合，分析了植被生长季的开始、结束日期和长度的线性变化趋势；基于最大变化斜率法和EOF分析法估计了不同年份、不同区域内植被生长季的开始、结束时间及其长度，并对这两种方法的监测结果作了比较，从而得到了较好的不同纬度区域1982～1999年植被生长季的变化趋势；基于曲线拟合了1982～1999年的不同空间位置的植被物候期，然后讨论了每年和多年平均的植被生长季的空间分异规律；最后利用时滞相关分析和线性回归研究了不同类型植被的物候期与气候变化的相互关系，不同纬度带的植被物候期与气候变化的相互关系，植被物候期与气候变化空间相互关系。

The region in the altitude f rom 4400 to 4600 meters , which is mainly covered by alpine meadow and alpine swamp meadow , is st rongly degraded by the stock raising with it s influence radius of about 24 kilometers. The influence distance perpendicular to roads is also 24 kilometers , since road const ruction accelerates human2induced destruction to vegetation. Vegetation in shade aspect is rising due to the increase in precipitation , while vegetation in sunny aspect tends to be stable or degraded because of the enhancement in sunlight . Furthermore , the vegetation coverage is influenced by the groundwater level . In near riverbed fields , where the depth of groundwater is shallow , plant s can easily grow ; while in far riverbed fields , vegetation is prone to degrade due to drainage. The radius of river influence is 24 kilometers.

海拔4400～4600m的较低海拔地带退化最强烈，主要为高寒草甸与高寒沼泽草甸受牧业影响较大；牧业影响半径为24km；道路的影响范围为24km，道路的修建加速了人类对高原植被的破坏作用；阳坡植被呈现趋于稳定和退化的趋势，阴坡植被表现为增长的趋势，降水量增加是源区植被，尤其是阴坡植被变好的重要原因，而太阳光照增强是导致阳坡干旱和植被趋于退化的潜在原因；近河床区地下水位埋深较浅，植被生长具有稳定的地下水源；在远离河床的一定区域内，地下水易于疏干，植被易于退化，河流影响范围为24km。

Using Landsat TM data, based on the spectral character analysis of main land-use types, different feature models under strong land disturbance in Antaibao opencast coal mine were set up. Vegetation higher cover area, vegetation lower cover area, denudation and cumuli area, excavation and transport area and slope area in Antaibao were extracted. The information of areas with higher vegetation cover and lower vegetation cover were detected by NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index).

该研究利用Landsat TM数据，以安太堡大型露天煤矿为例，在对地物光谱特征深入分析的基础上，设计了大型露天矿区土地剧烈扰动下不同地物特征提取模型，提取了安太堡露天矿区植被高覆盖区、植被低覆盖区、剥离堆垫区、采煤运煤区及边坡区等不同地物信息。

Result shown: value of fractal dimension is a comprehensive index, which reflect the changes of landscape, patch areas, patch numbers, area per patch, and their interaction. And the index can reflect the irregular degree and the complex degree of landscape patch in dumping place. The fractal dimension of mixed vegetation of arbors – shrubs and mixed vegetation of shrubs maintain the high level, while fractal dimension of new reclamation land and grass land are low. The difference of other type landscape fractal dimension is not significant. Vegetation landscape is influenced by many kinds of factors. It is primarily influenced by surface material composition and terrain in south and west dumping place, which diversity index is high. It is primarily influenced by vegetation type in inner dumping place and expanded west dumping place. The landscape multiplicity index of the mixed vegetation of grass and shrubs is higher than other landscape type, but landscape dominance index of this area maintains on the lower level.

结果表明：分维数的大小反映了景观斑块面积、斑块数量和平均斑块面积等因素的相互作用，反映了排土场内景观斑块的不规则程度和复杂程度；乔灌混交地和灌木混交地保持着较高的分维数，新造复垦地和草地的分维数较低，其它景观类型的分维数则差别不大；植被景观受多种因子的影响，在南排土场、西排土场受地表物质组成和地形的影响为主，其多样性指数较高，在内排土场、西排扩大区受植被类型的影响为主；草灌混交地的景观多样性远高于其它现有的复垦植被区，但其景观优势度则保持在较低水平上。

According to the dichotomy pixel Spatial Modeler modeling tool used to calculate the vegetation coverage in mining, use of non-supervised classification of vegetation coverage on the mining area classification, coloring, and finally come to mine the vegetation coverage in 1990-2000 category map, quantitative description of the Shanxi Province, 10 years of vegetation cover change: The region coverage to low, medium and high-based, the proportion remained almost unchanged, a significant increase in very low coverage, high coverage significantly decline.

根据像元二分法利用的建模工具Spatial Modeler计算出矿区的植被覆盖度，利用非监督分类方法对矿区的植被覆盖度进行分类、赋色，最后得出矿1990-2000年的植被覆盖度分类图，定量的说明了山西省10年间的植被覆盖变化情况：全区覆盖度以低、中和中高为主，所占比例几乎保持不变，极低覆盖度有明显增加，高覆盖度有明显下降。

Based on AIEM and MIMICS models, the co-relation among radar backscatter, vegetation backscatter and surface backscatter were analyzed, and the linear relation between cross polarization data and vegetation backscatter component was found. Then a simplified vegetation model was constructed after solving the problem of the vegetation backscatter component.

在裸露地表理论模型AIEM和植被散射模型MIMICS模拟分析雷达后向散射与植被散射、地表散射之间相互关系的基础上，分析发现了交叉极化数据与植被体散射量存在的线性关系，从而解决了雷达总后向散射中植被体散射量的问题，进而建立了简化的植被模型。

A three- dimensional turbulence model in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is proposed to investigate the impacts of vegetation on channel morphology. The model includes vegetation-induced drag force and vegetation density in the control equations to describe the effects of vegetation on flow structure, and solves sediment continuity equation to compute channel geometry.

本文建立曲线坐标系下的三维湍流模型研究水生植物对河道形态的影响，在水流控制方程中加入植物阻力项和植物密度项来描述水生植物对水动力特性的贡献，通过泥沙质量守恒方程求解河道变形，在适体网格中求解模型的控制方程。

The job now is to explain to Russia that this may not have been such a victory for machismo, after all.

所以现在要做的是要让俄罗斯明白驻军并不是俄罗斯实力的胜利。

I know, they told me. Ain't that a kick in the ass?

我知道，他们告诉我啦，是被踢过来的吧？