查询词典 variable costs

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

Three methods are widely used to separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable elements.

三种方法被广泛使用于分离混合成本成为固定的和可变的元素。

Fixed equipment and labor costs that are eliminated need to be calculated in addition to variable cost reduction.

是被消灭的需要被计算除变动成本减少之外的固定的设备和人工成本。

In the analysis course of this thesis, the writer connects the competition ability of the bank with the costs and the effect of the compensation, and analyzes the compensation system as an internal variable. Then the human capital competition is upgraded in a quite high level.

本论文的一大创新之处在于将银行的竞争力与银行人力资本的激励成本、激励效果直接相联系，将银行人力资本激励制度作为一个内生变量进行经济学分析，从而将人力资本竞争在银行竞争中的地位提升到一个相当高的高度。

It therefore became essential to make labour costs variable, and bonuses were the mechanism used to do this.

为此，让劳动力成本能够浮动变得十分必要，而奖金就是实现这一目的的机制。

Fixed, variable, and mixed costs can be graphed as functions of their cost drivers.

固定、可变、混合成本可以以其成本动因的不同功能用图表表示。

Variable material and labor costs that can be directly traced and allocated to a specific unit of production.

可直接追踪及分摊到具体生产部门的变动物料及人工成本。

More costs are variable with longer time spans.

更多的成本将变为变动。

Since access to capital and other corporate financ问题补充: financing decisions depend on the extent of agency costs and asymmetric information (e.g., Titman and Wessels, 1988; Rajan and Zingales, 1995) and these attributes likely differ between public and private companies, we include financial leverage as a control variable.

由于资本和其他企业融资决策的的获取取决于业务成本和非对称信息的程度（例如，Titman和Wessels，1988年；Rajan和Zingales，1995年）而且这些属性可能在上市公司和私营公司之间有所不同，因此我们把包括财务杠杆也作为控制变量。

Compared to the alternative technology of turbine-driven compressors, ABB's MEGADRIVE-LCI variable speed drive system brings considerable savings in operating costs, fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as significant improvements in availability, productivity and energy efficiency.

相对于涡轮驱动压缩机的替代技术，ABB的MEGADRIVE-LCI变速传动系统节约了可观的运营成本、燃油消耗和温室气体排放，以及显着改善可用性、生产力和能源效率。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。