查询词典 variable cost

It takesthe weighted average of the L2 norm of the difference of the observation and thesolution of the system and the L2 norm of the difference of conormal derivativeat the different sides of the interface for every subdomain as cost functional andthe smooth coefficients of the subproblem and the value of solution of the originalproblem at interface as identification parameters;Using the property of continu-ous functional defined on compact set,the existence of the optimal solution of theidentification problem is proved;The necessary conditions of optimality charac-terized by the system equation,the adjoit equation and the variational inequalitysimultaneously are given by introducing the conception ofdifferential andadjoit variable;An algorithm is devised and its flow graph is given.

其次，针对分片光滑动力系统的特征，结合正演过程的区域分解算法，建立了分片光滑系统的分解区域参数辨识模型，该模型以子区域上解的实测值与计算值之差的L2范数和界面两侧的通量差的L2范数的加权平均作目标泛函，各子问题的光滑系数及界面上真解的值为待辨识参量；利用紧致集上连续泛函的性质，证明了子区域上参数辨识问题最优辨识参量的存在性；引入微分的概念，借助伴随变量，给出了由系统方程，伴随方程和变分不等式共同表征的最优性必要条件；根据此必要条件设计了算法，给出了算法的程序框图。

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

The decision variable of the seller is the replenishment cycle time to minimize the total relevant cost.

销售商的决策变量是订货周期长度，并使得自身总成本最小化。

In this paper, a new cost function is investigated and a variable step size Decision Directed equalization algorithm based on this function is proposed for MQAM modulation.

本文对一种新的代价函数作了研究，提出一种适用于MQAM调制信号的变步长的判决引导的盲均衡算法。

Are both direct and indirect cost variable?

直接成本和间接成本是否也都是可以变动的呢？

The EOQ model, which is one of the most basic and extensively used model in the area of cash management, is modified to include variable transaction cost and cash flow discount.

本文给出了现金管理领域最基本、最常用的EOQ模型的修正模型。

The simulation employed Taiwan Agricultural Policy Simulation System with changing export cost as an exogenous variable.

仿真分析采用台湾农业政策仿真系统，透过出口成本的外生设定来执行。

Companies with good after-sales service system and a high level of professional service, product warranty period in strict compliance with the warranty promise: free整机factory warranty of 18 months; computer motherboards, Gelin column, variable pump two free warranty ; Three template free five-year warranty; life for all products provided regular maintenance and home repair, beyond the warranty period for the maintenance, charge of the procurement cost price.

公司有良好的售后服务体系和高水平的专业售后服务人员，公司产品在保修期内严格遵守保修承诺：整机出厂免费保修18个月；电脑主板、哥林柱、变量泵免费保修二年；三大模板免费保修五年；对所有产品提供终身保养和定期上门检修，对超出保修期的维修，只收材料的采购成本价款。

"DeviceNet is a low-cost communication link to connect industrial field devices (such as limit switches, photoelectric sensors, valve manifolds, motor starters, process sensors, bar code readers, variable frequency drives, panel displays and operator interfaces) to a network and eliminate expensive hardwiring."

DEVICENET对于连接工业现场设备(如：限位开关，光电传感器，控制阀，电机启动器，过程传感器，条形码解读器，变频驱动器，显示面板及操作界面)及实现网络化来说是一种低成本的通讯连接方式，它可免除昂贵的硬件费用。

"DeviceNet is a low-cost communication link to connect industrial field devices (such as limit switches, photoelectric sensors, valve manifolds, motor starter s, process sensors, bar code readers, variable frequency drives, panel displays and operator interfaces) to a network and eliminate expensive hardwiring."

DEVICENET对于连接工业现场设备(如：限位开关，光电传感器，控制阀，电机启动器，过程传感器，条形码解读器，变频驱动器，显示面板及操作界面)及实现网络化来说是一种低成本的通讯连接方式，它可免除昂贵的硬件费用。

Life. But the intrinsic way of the Internet by wire confines accessing and using of the network information.

然而，Internet固有的有线连接方式大大限制了人们对网络信息的访问和使用。

I have a strong persuasion that this is true .

我坚信这是正确的。