查询词典 utility function

Special attributes: func doc or doc is the function's documentation string, or None if unavailable; func name or name is the function's name; module is the name of the module the function was dened in, or None if unavailable; func defaults is a tuple containing default argument values for those arguments that have defaults, or None if no arguments have a default value; func code is the code object representing the compiled function body; func globals is the dictionary that holds the function's global variables — it denes the global namespace of the module in which the function was dened; func dict or dict contains the namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes; func closure is None or a tuple of cells that contain bindings for the function's free variables.

func defaults是一个包括有参数中设有默认值的元组；func name 或 name 是函数名。func code是一个编译后的代码对象；func globals是一个引用，指向保存了函数的全局变量的字典—-如果你在函数所在模块中定义了全局变量的话。func dict或 dict 包括了支持任意函数属性的名字空间；func closure 要么是None，要么是包括有函数自由变量捆绑的单元的元组。

The subjective nature of the utility concept 15 , however , susceptible to ordinal ranking measure . 12 In ordinal preference patterns , one only has to be able to rank alternatives 一from highest to lowest , best to worst , or most satisfying to least satisfying ; no attempt 15 made to quantify the amount by which one alternative 15 better than others - Despite the fact that utility 15 not subiect to precise quantification , it 15 still analytically useful to assume that utility can be represented by cardinal numbers .

公共概念15 的主观本质，然而，易受影响序数等第措施。12 在序数特选样式，你必须只能排列选择一从最高对最低，最好对最坏，或令人满意对最少满意；企图15 没有做定量一个选择15 更好的数额比其他人-竟管公共事业15 不是subiect 写量化，它的大意15 寂静分析有用假设，公共事业可能由序数代表。

The utility model adopts the stucture that the utility model is centered by a conical surface, the mandrel is fixed with screw threads, and only one movable mating surface is arranged between the mandrel and the dial gauge.The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, high precision, light weight, low cost ,optimal economic benefits and good working condition.

实用新型采取结构实用新型是由圆锥形表面集中的，轴固定与螺纹，并且仅一个可移动的啮合面被安排在轴和拨号盘测量仪之间实用新型有简单的结构、高精密度，轻量级，便宜，优选的经济好处和好工作环境的好处。

Finally, favored by the article "Stochastic differential utility" written by Duffle and Epstein, we define the notion of Stochastic differential utility under Maos conditions. Similar to common utility functions, they preserve many good characters such as continuance, monotonousness, risk aversion and so on.

最后，受Duffie和Epstein的"Stochastic differential utility"一文的启发，在毛氏条件下定义了随机微分效用，它保持了一般效用函数的性质：单调性，连续性，风险厌恶以等。

In chapter three, the electricity consumers' behaviors and preferences are researched. But he electricity consumers' behaviors and preferences are private information, which it is difficult to know for utility company. This paper comes up with two kinds of models both single-valued and interval- valued fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for utility company to get about users' sufficient information on demand-side consumption identity, which are effective measures for utility company's marketing research.

第三章对消费者的行为和偏好进行了研究，但是消费行为和偏好是消费者的私有信息，供电公司不太容易观察得到，本章提出了单值和区间值模糊综合评价用于电力市场的消费者对电力产品进行的指标体系评价的测评模型并进行了分析，能够使电力公司得到关于需求侧用户消费特性的充分信息，对供电公司在市场营销中进行市场细分提供了一种行之有效的方法。

According to the logical approach, the providing of the analysis hypothesis before the model construction is necessary. For example, the hypothesis of rational man and utility identity are for the convenient analysis, the hypothesis that the rich utility is smaller than the poor utility is for the importance of the third distribution.

按照逻辑方法，模型构建之前的分析假设的给出是必要的，比如关于"经济人"假设和效用归一假设等是为了分析的简便而作出的，关于富人效用小于穷人的效用假设是给出了第三次分配的意义所在。

This kind of support,like all government support,requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds.decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward.but a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult.the goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting"good"as opposed to"bad"science,but a valid determination is difficult to make.generally,the idea of good science tends to BEC ome confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.

此种资助也与所有政府资助一样，需要决定合适的投资对象。根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构的目标是支持&好&的科学，而不资助&坏&的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。

This kind of support,like all government support,requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds.decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward.but a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult.the goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supportinggoodas opposed tobadscience,but a valid determination is difficult to make.generally,the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.

此种资助也与所有政府资助一样，需要决定合适的投资对象。根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构的目标是支持好的科学，而不资助坏的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。

In chapter two, under non-Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is researched, based on it, the stability of the solution is proved; In chapter three, under non-Lipschitz condition, the comparison theorem of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is proved and using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is constructively proved; in chapter four, on the base of above results, we get some results of the second kind of BSDE which partly decouple with SDE, which include that the solution of the BSDE is continuous in the initial value of SDE and the application to optimal control and dynamic programming. At the end of this section, the character of the corresponding utility function has been discussed, e.g monotonicity, concavity and risk aversion; in chapter 5, for the first land of BSDE ,using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is proved and other characters and applications to utility function are studied.

首先，第二章在非Lipschitz条件下，研究了第二类方程的解的存在唯一性问题，在此基础上，又证明了解的稳定性；第三章在非Lipschitz条件下，证明了第二类BSDE解的比较定理，并在此基础上，利用单调迭代的方法，构造性证明了最大、最小解的存在性；第四章在以上的一些理论基础之上，得到了相应的与第二类倒向随机微分方程耦合的正倒向随机微分方程系统的一些结果，主要包括倒向随机微分方程的解关于正向随机微分方程的初值是具有连续性的，得到了最优控制和动态规划的一些结果，在这一章的最后还讨论了相应的效用函数的性质，如，效用函数的单调性、凹性以及风险规避性等；第五章，针对第一类倒向随机微分方程，运用单调迭代方法，证明了最大和最小解的存在性，并研究了解的其它性质及在效用函数上的应用。

This paper study the character and application of the solution of BSDE, the main results include: for the second kind of BSDE, the existence and uniqueness of the solution under non-Lipschitz condition, comparison theorem and stability are established , under weaker condition , the existence of the minimal and maximal solution is proved and the application in stochastic control and utility function is given; for the first kind of BSDE, under weaker condition , the existence of minimal and maximal solution .stability, comparison theorem and application to utility function are proved.

本文研究倒向随机微分方程解的性质及其应用，主要结果有：针对第二类方程，讨论了在非Lipschitz条件下倒向随机微分方程解的存在唯一性，比较定理及稳定性等，在更弱条件下，得到了倒向随机微分方程的最大解和最小解的存在性，在此基础之上，给出了在随机控制及效用函数方面的应用；针对第一类方程，同样在较弱条件下，证明了方程最大、最小解的存在性、稳定性、比较定理及其在效用函数的应用。

That snake Alaric named Archbishop...

庇护。。。那个毒如蛇蝎的Alaric被命名为大教主。。。

You have done lots of magical things to be amazed at.

你做了很多神奇的事物感到惊讶。