查询词典 upper apex

Sessile spikelet longer than rachis internode; lower glume elliptic-ovate to oblong, papery to leathery, 5–9-veined, marginally 2-keeled, keels pectinately spiny, often winged at apex; upper glume 3-veined, keeled along midvein, otherwise almost flat, often narrowly winged on lower keel; lower floret staminate, palea present; upper floret bisexual, upper lemma entire, awnless.

无梗小穗长于轴节间；下部颖片椭圆状卵形到长圆形，纸质到革质，5-9脉，具刺的2龙骨状，龙骨状的pectinately，通常具翅的在先端的稍微； 3脉的上面颖片，龙骨状沿中脉，几乎平的否则，龙骨状的通常狭翅在下部；雄蕊花的下部的小花，内稃宿存；全缘的上面小花两性，上面外稃，。

Culms forming large clumps, erect, 10–50(–120) cm tall, 3–35 mm in diam. Leaf sheaths mostly longer than internodes, smooth; leaf blades linear, flat or inrolled upward, 10–45 × 0.7–1.5 cm, smooth, apex fine, hard, upper blades usually patent; ligule 2–3 mm. Racemes racemosely arranged, 2–6(–12), 7–23 cm, stiff, erect or slightly spreading; spikelets closely overlapping; rachis terminating in a hard bristle up to 5 cm. Spikelets 12–21 mm, pubescent; lower glume 2/3–4/5 as long as spikelet, acute; upper glume lanceolate-oblong, as long as spikelet, acute; lemma lanceolate-oblong, ca. 1 cm, keel scaberulous, pubescent, entirely or in upper half; palea slightly longer than lemma.

形成的秆大丛生，直立，(-120)厘米高，多数叶鞘3-35毫米直径长于，平滑；叶片线形，公寓或向上， 10-45 * 0.7-1.5 厘米，平滑，先端细，硬，上面的叶片通常开展；安排的2-3毫米外消旋体总状分枝的叶舌，2-6(-12)，7-23厘米，硬，直立或者稍开展；小穗接近重叠；轴终止在一难的硬毛可达5 厘米小穗12-21毫米，青春期；更低的颖片2/3-4/5倍于小穗，锐尖；上面颖片披针形长圆形，倍于小穗，锐尖；外稃披针形长圆形，约1厘米，微糙，青春期的龙骨，完全或者在上半部；稍微的内稃长于外稃。

Spikelets laterally compressed, florets 2, lower floret fertile, upper floret reduced to a small empty lemma, disarticulating above glumes; glumes about as long as florets, broad, membranous, 1-veined; lower glume awnless; upper glume with an oblique, stout, subapical awn; callus pubescent; lemma of fertile floret dark brown, keeled, broad, cartilaginous to leathery, 3-veined, hairy on veins, apex acute to emarginate, awnless or with a fine, subapical awn-point; palea nearly as long as lemma, keels scabrous or ciliolate; upper floret cuneate or obovate, glabrous.

小穗侧面压扁，小花2，能育，上面的更下部的小花退化至小空外稃，高于颖片脱节；关于倍于小花的颖片，宽，膜质，1脉；更低的颖片awnless；上面颖片具一偏斜，粗壮，芒；胼胝体短柔毛；暗褐色的肥沃的小花的外稃，翻转，宽，软骨的到革质，3脉，内稃近等长外稃，龙骨粗糙或者具短缘毛；上面小花楔形的或倒卵形，无毛。

Basal and lowermost cauline leaves compound, 5-9-foliolate; petiole (3-)8-15(-20) cm; leaflets broadly oblong, ovate, or lanceolate,(2-)4-7(-10)×(1-)2-3(-4) cm, base oblique, cuneate, or subtruncate, margin coarsely serrate with a distinct mucro at tooth apex, apex obtusely acuminate with a distinct mucro; petiolule 1-5(-20) mm. Upper cauline leaves 3- or 5-foliolate, becoming gradually smaller and narrower upward.

基部和最下的茎生叶复合，5-9具小叶；叶柄(3-)8-15(-20)厘米；小叶宽长圆形，卵形，或披针形，( 2-)4-7(-10)*(1-)2-3(-4)厘米，基部偏斜，楔形，或近截形，有粗锯齿的边缘具离生短尖头钝在齿先端，先端时候渐尖具离生短尖头；小叶柄1-5(-20)上面的毫米茎生叶3-或者具5小叶，向上变得逐渐更小和更狭窄。

Spikelets 1.3–1.8(–2.2) mm, olive green, occasionally violet tinged; glumes narrowly lanceolate-oblong, lower glume usually slightly longer than upper, sometimes equal, keeled, keel scabrid to aculeate, apex subacute; callus glabrous or nearly so; lemma 3/4–9/10 spikelet length, awnless, apex obtuse; palea 0.3–0.6 mm,(1/4–)1/3(–1/2) lemma length.

小穗1.3-1.8(-2.2)毫米，绿色的橄榄，偶有，紫色微染；颖片狭披针形长圆形，上面的稍长于的通常下部颖片，等长的有时，龙骨状，龙骨状对具皮刺，近尖的先端粗糙；胼胝体无毛或近无毛；外稃3/4-9/10个小穗长度，awnless，先端钝； 0.3-0.6毫米的内稃，(1/4-)1/3(-1/2)外稃长度。

Spikelets 3–4 mm, brown; callus hairs a little shorter than spikelet, brown; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, papery becoming herbaceous toward apex, back brown-hirsute, apex narrowly truncate; lower lemma 3/4 length of glumes; upper lemma oblong, obtuse and awnless or minutely mucronate, varying to shortly 2-toothed and awned from sinus; awn twisted, bent, up to 6 mm.

小穗3-4毫米，棕色；胼胝体毛一小短于小穗，棕色；狭的更低的颖片长圆状披针形，纸质的变得的草质的向先端，背面棕色具粗毛，先端截形；更低的外稃3/4段颖片；上面外稃长圆形，短尖的钝和awnless或微小的，变化随着短2齿和从那里凹缺；芒扭曲，弯曲，可达6毫米花粉囊3，1.6-2.2毫米。

Glumes (1–)3(–5), transitional with basal, sterile lemmas; lemma 7- to many veined, abaxially commonly puberulent and with distinct tessellation, adaxially slightly scabrous with minute setulae, apex acuminate with an awnlike point; palea conspicuously smaller than lemma or equaling in length but much narrower in upper florets, abaxially minutely setulate, 2-keeled, 2–4-veined between and beside keels, apex obtuse or emarginate; lodicules 3, membranous with thickened lower portion, 5–7-veined, margins ciliate, anterior pair of lodicules usually asymmetrical.

颖片(1-)3(-5)，基部，不育的过渡具；外稃7-在很多脉，背面通常被微柔毛并且有清楚棋盘花纹，有微小setulae，芒状点的先端渐尖正面有点粗糙；内稃显著但是非常在上面小花内狭窄的小于外稃或者等长，鳞被3，膜质具加厚更低的份，5-7脉，边缘具缘毛，前面的对鳞被通常不对称。

Mm, widened at apex. Spikelets 4–8 × 1–1.5 mm, yellowish brown or purplish brown; lower glume absent; upper glume lanceolate-oblong to narrowly oblong with slightly falcate apex, obscurely 7–11-veined, midvein usually shortly excurrent; lemma lanceolate-oblong, 3–4 mm, 1-veined; palea absent.

小穗 4-8 * 1-1.5 毫米，黄棕色或带紫色棕色；更低的颖片无；上面颖片披针形长圆形到狭长圆形具稍镰刀形先端，不明显脉，中脉短通常；外稃披针形长圆形，3-4毫米，1脉；内稃缺席。

Stipules green, falcate, rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hirtellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, branched or not; rachis pilose.

绿色，镰刀形的托叶，卵形或卵状披针形的很少，草本，边缘锐切成锯齿状或者有叶，很少全缘，先端锐尖或渐尖；叶柄疏生柔毛或短柔毛；叶片间断奇数羽状具(2或)3或4小叶，退化至3小叶在上部叶片上；短的小叶无柄或具小叶柄，倒卵形，倒卵状椭圆形，披针形或倒卵形， 1.5-5 * 1-2.5 厘米，背面的贴伏的具柔毛的在脉上，在脉之间的或密被短柔毛的或被绒毛的短柔毛，很少脱落无毛显著具点，正面具柔毛的或疏生腺体，或具粗毛或在脉上，很少脱落无毛，基部楔形到宽楔形，花序顶生，穗状总状，与否的分枝；轴具柔毛。

Leaves deciduous; petiole 3-4 cm, nearly glabrous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 9-13 × ca. 8 cm, papery, abaxially densely rufous pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, base subcordate, margin doubly serrulate with adpressed acute teeth, 3-lobed; middle lobes triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; lateral lobes in upper part of blade, much shorter and apex acute.

叶脱落 叶柄3-4厘米，近无毛；叶片卵形的或卵状长圆形， 9-13 *长约8厘米，纸质，密被红棕色短柔毛在脉上，正面无毛，基部近心形，边缘重细锯齿具紧贴锐尖齿，3裂；三角状心形的中间裂片，先端渐尖；叶片的侧的裂片在上半部分，很多短和先端锐尖。

It's bell can reach over a meter in diameter.

它的身体最大可以达到直径1米多。

Now they are overdue and I shall have to pay a fine.

现在他们过期了，我不得不付罚款。