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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Direct left turn from driveways is considered as a contributor to accident and delay in at-grade intersections. Safety benefits of prohibiting direct left turn from driveways have been identified in many studies. Several engineering alternatives have been developed to accommodate prohibited driveway left turns. These alternatives are (1) right-turn followed by U-turn at the down stream intersection;(2) right-turn followed by median U-turn before the intersection;(3) right-turn followed by median U-turn after the intersection;(4) upstream Jug Handle, and (5) downstream Jug Handle.

鉴于直接左转机动车交通常是路口事故和延误的诱因之一，左转禁驶在许多研究中都作为一项安全措施处理，直接左转处理方式有多种，大致包括：(1)下游路口右转后U形调头直行；(2)当前路口右转后在下一路口前的隔离带打U形调头直行；(3)当前路口右转后在下一路口后的隔离带打U形调头直行；(4)在当前路口上游打&壶柄状&转行；(5)在当前路口下游打&壶柄状&转行。

Eagles--Last Good Time In Town [00:20.02]1223_dd制作 [00:58.45]I like to go out every now and then [01:02.30]I can't wait to do it again [01:06.19]But I haven't had the time [01:10.81]Lately [01:14.27]I like to step out every once in a while [01:18.89]I kind of like to do it in style [01:22.90]I haven't had the time [01:26.96]Lately [01:31.70]Lately I've been stayin' at home [01:35.60](Stayin' at home, stayin' at home) [01:39.73]Workin' the crosswords, turn off the phone [01:43.85](Turn off the phone, turn off the phone) [01:51.71]And I dream I'm on vacation [01:55.86]'Cause I like the way that sounds [01:59.98]It's a perfect occupation [02:04.27]For me [02:08.90]I don't mind being by myself [02:12.72]If there's no one else around [02:16.69]It's the last good time in town [02:38.59]Well, I could stand up straight, get a real job [02:43.25]Stay up late with the same old mob [02:47.16]But it hasn't crossed my mind [02:51.79]Lately [02:55.97]Put on a suit, work downtown [03:00.12]Then come up when the sun goes down [03:03.88]No, I haven't had the time [03:08.50]Lately [03:12.70]Lately I've been stayin' at home [03:20.37](Stayin' at home, stayin' at home) [03:21.06]Closin' the curtains, play jazz on trombone [03:24.95](Jazz on trombone, jazz on trombone) [03:32.55]And I dream I'm on vacation [03:36.79]No, you won't see me around [03:41.00]It's a perfect situation [03:45.37]For me [03:49.77]I don't mind being by myself [03:53.68]'Cause I know you'll come on down [03:57.59]It's the last good time in town [05:12.71]Lately I've been stayin' at home [05:16.58](Stayin' at home, stayin' at home) [05:20.72]Workin' the crosswords, turn off the phone [05:24.88](Turn off the phone, turn off the phone) [05:32.65]And I dream I'm on vacation [05:36.68]'Cause I like the way that sounds [05:40.96]It's a perfect occupation [05:45.20]For me, yes it is [05:49.85]I don't mind being by myself [05:53.75]If you don't see me around [05:57.75]It's the last good time, last good time in town

钛：最后好时光在城市 [按：1223_dd] [00：00.01]鹰-最后好时光在城 [00：20.02] 1223_dd制作 [00：58.45]我想现在出去，然后每 [01：02.30]我不能等待再次做 [01：06.19]但我没有时间 [01：10.81]最近 [01：14.27]我想退了，而在每一次 [01：18.89]我有点像做有声有色 [01：22.90]我没有时间 [01：26.96]最近 [01：31.70]最近我一直留驻'在家 [01：35.60]（留驻'在家里，留驻'在家） [01：39.73] Workin'的纵横字谜，关掉手机 [01：43.85]（关闭手机关闭，关闭手机） [01：51.71]我的梦想我在我休假 [01：55.86]'原因我很喜欢的声音 [01：59.98]这是一个完美的职业 [02：04.27]对我来说 [02：08.90]我不介意由我正 [02：12.72]如果没有其他人靠近 [02：16.69]这是最后一次在城里好 [02：38.59]嗯，我可以挺直腰杆，得到一份真正的工作 [02：43.25]保持与老暴徒晚 [02：47.16]但一直没有干扰过我 [02：51.79]最近 [02：55.97]关于提起诉讼，把工作市中心 [03：00.12]然后提出时，天黑了 [03：03.88]没有，我没有时间 [03：08.50]最近 [03：12.70]最近我一直留驻'在家 [03：20.37]（留驻'在家里，留驻'在家） [03：21.06] Closin'的窗帘，玩爵士长号 [03：24.95]（爵士乐长号，爵士的长号） [03：32.55]我的梦想我在我休假 [03：36.79]不，你不会看到我周围 [03：41.00]这是一个完美的情况 [03：45.37]对我来说 [03：49.77]我不介意由我正 [03：53.68]'的原因，我知道你会来的下降 [03：57.59]这是最后一次在城里好 [05：12.71]最近我一直留驻'在家 [05：16.58]（留驻'在家里，留驻'在家） [05：20.72] Workin'的纵横字谜，关掉手机 [05：24.88]（关闭手机关闭，关闭手机） [05：32.65]我的梦想我在我休假 [05：36.68]'原因我很喜欢的声音 [05：40.96]这是一个完美的职业 [05：45.20]对我来说，是有 [05：49.85]我不介意由我正 [05：53.75]如果你看不到我周围 [05：57.75]这是最后的好时机，最后在城里的好时机

Experiment through a water work model to the figure which turn on water tower from the hydraulics angle, from the hydraulics angle to the figure structure which turn on water tower and turn on water hole carry on a verification with excellent turn, emphasize research to turn on water tower dissimilarity under the size circumstance of the figure structure of enter the water bore water current flow Tai and release excessive water ability, water current to press a strong circumstance towards turn on water tower tower wall, scaleboard creation of pound at, and put forward more and so releasing excessive water circulate to adjust one degree way.

从水力学角度对放水塔的体形通过水工模型试验，从水力学角度对放水塔、放水洞的体形结构进行验证和优化，着重研究放水塔不同体形结构尺寸情况下的进水孔水流流态、泄洪能力、水流对放水塔塔壁、底板产生的冲击压强情况，并提出较好的泄洪运行调度方式。

Because of inappropriate operation between oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles of signalized intersections of urban areas in Taiwan the department of traffic ever offered corrigible opinions involve in right of way, center of intersections adjudging hard and indirectly encouraged to accelerate left-turn vehicles. But all still lack quantification analysis. Therefore, this problem is worth studying.This study will aim at safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections. So, this study will be based on row's theory, theory of traffic conflicts, and take many factors into consideration, such as the width of the intersections, types of the intersections, center of the intersections, the size of the vehicles, the location of the vehicles, the radius of turn, paths of operation, the speed of the vehicles, the types of collisions, the angle of road, and also deduce formulas of coordinate of paths. The main method used in this research is the simulation of different situations. By the method, the analytic model of safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections will be established, and this study will also subsume critical speed of conflict and expected number of times of safe passage. Finally involved rules of safe passage will be proffered.

鉴於台湾都市地区路口对向直行左转车辆常遭受对向车辆不当驾驶行为干扰，因而道路交通主管机关曾针对路口对向直行左转相关道路交通法规可能产生之对向直行左转路权判断不易、路口中心处不易区分、间接鼓励路口转弯车加速左转等问题提出检讨之修正意见，唯整体考量仍缺少〝量化〞分析，系一值得研究之课题，因此，本研究将针对号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行问题於法规层面上之特殊性，以交通冲突理论、路权理论为基础，并考量路口宽度、路口型式、路口中心处、车辆尺寸、转弯半径、运行轨迹、行驶速率、行车位置、最终碰撞型态、道路交角等因素，先行推导车辆行驶轨迹座标公式，再利用情境模拟分析法，进行号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行分析，分析过程中则纳入冲突临界速率与安全通行期望次数理念，并根据路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率集中分布范围之分析结果及相关理论，研拟号志化路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率，及对向直行左转车辆路权判断原则，以供驾驶者路口直行左转安全通行之参考。

Structures of cochlea were measured on the images of position I and II ,including upper hemicycile width of Basal turn, lower hemicycle width of Middle turn, Middle turn height, Cochlea height, Modiolus area, length and width of Cochlea Nerve Canal on image I and Basal turn diameter, Basal turn lumen on image II.

在标准方位图像上设计并测量耳蜗9个结构径线(笔者分别定义为径线A—I，图Ⅰ A-G，图Ⅱ H-I)，径线A约衡量底周上半周宽度，径线B约衡量中周下半周宽度，径线C约衡量中周高度，径线D约衡量耳蜗高度，径线E约衡量蜗轴面积，径线F衡量蜗神经管宽度，径线G衡量蜗神经管长度，径线H约衡量耳蜗底周外径，径线I约衡量底周管径。

Turn right onto via Candia for 257 m, turn right onto via Tunisi for 92 m and then turn left onto via Sebastiano Veniero for 97 m. Turn right, take via Santamaura for 44 m and then turn left onto Viale Vaticano.

然而，如您所预订的酒店要求需要缴交押金，这些信息都会列明在&取消条款&条目内，而押金将会直接跟所选择的酒店进行结帐。

Touch the metal and turn it into gold -- turn a piece of poor writing into a literary gem; turn a crude essay into a literary gem; the golden touch in writing by dexterous use of words

成语原指古代方士能用丹药将铁点化成金子；现多比喻修改文章、绘画或摘引词句略加改动即成佳作妙语。也比喻教师善于开导学生。例句文字编辑要能有～的功夫；许多来稿就不会扔到纸篓里了。

His Shadowgraph series of works, from folk paper-cut and shadow play, turn the plane into silhouette, turn one-dimensional into three-dimensional, and turn paper, hides and other materials into replacement metal, glass or steel stone.

他的皮影系列作品，从民间剪纸和皮影戏中化出，将平面的剪影转化成了立体的圆雕，将一维空间转换成了三维空间，纸张、皮张等材料置换成了金属、木石或玻璃钢。

Growler, lost at sea in February, 1944. Black at that depth turn, golden boy no more white bone to bone, turn hear who bore you weep hear him who made you deep there on ocean's floor turn as waters stir; turn, bone of man Cold as a planet is cold, beat of blood no more the salt sea's course along the bone jaw white stir, boy, stir motion without motion stir, and hear love come down. Down as you fell sidewise, stair to green stair without breath, down the tumble of ocean to find you, bone cold and new among the ships and men and fish askew.

在那深处漆黑一片翻转，不再是金童子白骨连白骨，翻转听听生你的人为你哭泣是他造就了你，你仔细听在大洋深深的底部随着海水的搅动翻转；翻转，男子汉的骨头如行星般寒冷寒冷，血不再脉动盐海的航向沿着白色颌骨搅动，小伙子，搅动没有动作的姿态搅动，并聆听爱降下来向下，当你倒向一侧，梯级到绿梯级没有呼吸，随着大洋的翻滚找到你，骨头寒冷而新鲜，在歪歪斜斜的船只丶人丶鱼之间。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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