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In the upshift algorithm and driving mode downshift algorithm, engine torque, motor torque and vehicle speed are used as the shift parameters.

升档规律和驱动模式的降档规律采用发动机转矩、电机转矩和车速作为换档参数。

A cogging torque measurement system was proposed, which was composed of stepping motor, torque sensor, etc.

提出了一种由步进电机、转矩传感器等元件组成的齿槽转矩测试系统。

Cogging torque is one of the most important parameters of PM motors,which causes torque ripple,vibration and acoustic noise.

齿槽转矩是永磁电机最重要的参数之一，它的存在会造成电机的转矩波动、振动和噪声。

The effects of cogging torque on the overall torque signature can be controlled by setting an appropriate air gap variation profile.

通过设置适当的气隙变化式样，可以控制顿转扭矩对整体扭矩特征的影响。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

It can be employed to transmit torque by the shear stress of MR fluids.In this paper,the design method of the disc-shaped magnetorheological fan clutch is investigated theoretically.The expressions of the torque and the output rotational speed within the fan clutch is derived to provide the theoretical foundation in the discal design of the clutch.A Bingham model is used to c...

将磁流变液用于发动机冷却系风扇离合器的设计中，在理论上分析了盘式磁流变液调速风扇离合器的工作机理，应用B ingham模型来描述磁流变液的本构方程，建立了离合器的输出转矩与转速的计算模型，导出了离合器基本几何参数的工程设计计算公式，为盘式磁流变风扇离合器的设计提供了理论依据。

A method is also provided for reducing axial space within a dual-input clutch transmission having a torque converter, including providing an on-axis transmission pump with a housing and rotor set, providing a torque converter with a rotatable hub which is drivingly connected to the rotor set for powering of the transmission pump, and mounting the dual-input clutch to the pump housing for support.

还提供一种方法以减少带变矩器的双输入离合器变速器的轴向空间，包括提供带有壳体和转子组的同轴变速器泵，提供带有可旋转毂的变矩器，所述可旋转毂以驱动的方式连接到转子组以为变速器泵提供动力，并且将双输入离合器安装到泵壳体上以支撑。

Because of lots of space voltage vectors are used impliedly to compose this algorithm, the THD of motor phase current, the ripple of stator flux and torque are lower, and then the drive system torque response can be more quick.

在此基础上分析多相感应电机矢量控制系统和直接转矩控制系统的稳态机械特性和动态转矩过渡过程，用来全面分析、比较这两种高性能控制方法的性能，研究二者的内在联系。

The parts of the adjustable torque is designed special, can prevent maloperation to the set torque.

扭矩调整部为特殊设计，可防止对设定好的扭矩的误动。

If greater torque is required, continue re-torque in increments of 50% of tabulated values.

如果需要更大的扭矩，则可以50%表格扭矩值增量继续紧固。

He's a pretty westernised kind of guy.

他是一个非常西化的人。

National spirit is the moral kingpin for a nation to realize common ideal and goal.

一、中华民族精神的基本内涵党的十六大报告指出：在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。