查询词典 topographical

This thesis combined the riverbed section and plane form, from the two side of hydraulic computation and model test, put forward the method to realized the automatic computation for river closure gap hydraulic parameters and comparison and verification. And through carrying on the secondary development to AutoCAD, realized the common software of automation drawing the topographical section of model test. Based on hydraulics computation technology, finished developing the common application software for one berm-dam vertical closure hydraulic computation.

本文结合河床断面与平面形状，从水力计算与模型试验两个角度出发，提出了实现龙口水力参数计算自动化并进行验证比较的方法；并且通过对AutoCAD进行二次开发，实现了模型试验地形断面绘制自动化的通用软件；同时以水力学计算方法为基础，完成了隧洞导流条件下单戗堤立堵截流水力计算通用应用软件的开发。

With the regional indexes of reference crown height and environmental factors including topographical, geomorphic, soil, climatic, geographic, standing condition and so on, by establishing GIS and with PCA and bidimensional step cluster with constraint condition, ecological region with the unit of town or land forest farm can be realized.

摘 要：采用红松基准上层高及环境因子地形、地貌、土壤、气候、地理、立地条件等为区划指标，通过建立地理信息系统和应用主成分分析、有约束条件的二维逐步聚类方法，实现了以乡为区划单元的生态区划。

The function design of system includes writing down amendment and pretreatment about spatial database and attribute database. This system provides common and basic functions of GIS. Besides, we can make out the topographical maps, planimetric maps and skiagraph , structure objects of highway construction of design and can inquire two-way between spatial information and attribute information. The system apply Earned Value Method to perform the correlative property to classification statistic.

系统功能设计包括空间数据库和属性数据库的录入、修改以及预处理；系统还提供了一般GIS系统应具备的基本功能，并在此基础上进行涵盖公路设计施工的地形图、平纵缩图、构造物等图形信息与属性信息的双向查询，并运用挣值法等对相关属性进行分类统计以供有关公路工程项目的各方使用。

Such a unique topographical feature has been described as "On three sides are cloud-capped hills, on one the busy town."

西湖东南，西南，西北三面环山，东北开阔的平原为杭州市区，构成了"三面云山一面城"的独特自然景色。

Using successive regression and GIS technique, the regression equations of the precipitation and the topographical data in the upper-middle reaches of Yangtze River are established based on the 10 years daily、 mensal and annual precipitation of 613 meteorological stations, from 1992 to 2001. The topographical data include the elevation, aspect and slope form DEM of 4km resolution.

本文首先利用逐步回归和地理信息技术，最新的长江中上游613个气象站，1992～2001年10年降水资料，建立了日、月、年降水与4km分辨率的DEM高程、坡向、坡度等地形数据的回归方程，将降水量中地形影响部分分离出来。

The topographical parameters have been analyzed by taking into account the thermal effect during the friction process. As the results, three kinds of typical topographical features have been observed for the worn surfaces of C G iron with various P content. Namely, C G iron with 0.05% P, 1.30% P, and 0.70% P show worn surfaces characterized by groove ridge, peak pits and their combined topography. The C G iron specimen with peak pits type worn surface topography showes the lowest wear rate and highest friction coefficient, while that with groove ridge type worn surface topography shows the highest wear rate and lowest friction coefficient. The groove ridge type worn surface has a relatively large value of surface height deviation and void volume ratio and negative large value of skewness, which is contrary to the peak pits topography.

结果表明：度销磨损表面主要呈现犁沟型、孤岛型及二者的混合型3种形貌特征，其中具有孤岛型磨损表面形貌特征的试样的摩擦系数较高，磨损率较低；而具有犁沟型磨损表面形貌特征的试样的摩擦系数最低，磨损率最高，分析表面形貌参数发现：犁沟型表面形貌具有最大的表面高度偏差和表面空隙率及高负值的表面高度分布参数；而孤岛型表面形貌的表面高度偏差和表面空隙率最小，表面高度分布参数为高正值。

Because a planation surface is the ultimate result of topographical evolution, accompanying river systems and gorges have aged topographical character.

由于夷平面是地貌演化过程中的老年阶段，其伴生的河谷也必然为老年河谷。

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

The influences of shortterm climatic and topographical variations to the mass balance were more heavy in this year than in other years. In the high accumulation zone, the influence of the shortterm climatical variation is greater than that of topographical one, while in the low value zone, the latter is greater than the former.

此外，年内短期气候和地形变化对物质平衡的影响均大于多年平均状态，在高值物质平衡区，气候变化对物质平衡的影响大于地形变化的影响；而在低值物质平衡区，地形变化对物质平衡的影响则大于气候变化对物质平衡的影响。

Making use of this model I have a taste in Yan Shan Reservoir watershed in He Nan Province: I start on the information of the surface in this area, give every grid cell the proper parameters by distilling them from the map of how the people use soil and the map of soil type in this area; In order to get the topographical information, I add numerical value to a abundant of contour lines and points in topographical map, use the software Arc View of GIS to create Digital Elevation Models automatically, get every volume of the reservoir from the water level 99m to 117m. By using a special module of the software, I distill triumphantly the grid cells elevation value, slope value, flow direction, flow accumulation, watershed, stream network, isochrones and so on.

本文在分布式水文模型的基础上，对河南省燕山水库流域洪水入库计算模拟方面作了一些研究：从燕山水库流域的下垫信息开始着手，依据流域的土地使用类型图、土壤分布图确定每个栅格单元的土壤特性和土地利用方式，进行下垫信息的参数化，得到单元模型所需的参数值；为了提取地形信息，本文通过对流域地形图海量数据加载高程值，利用GIS软件自动生成流域内的数字高程模型，提取了流域水文模型所需要的库容曲线；通过栅格自动划分，提取栅格单元的高程、坡度、栅格流向、流域边界、虚拟河网、流量积累、等时流线面积分布等分布式水文模型的流域特征。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。