查询词典 toe crack

Indicated according to the near two year gauge block anti-curved experiment, when the design intensity takes 435 N/mm2, under the normal running condition the reinforcement stress probably is 343 N/mm2, the corresponding average crack opening approximately in the 0.14~0.15mm scope, if takes 1.66 to multiply the big coefficient, the short-term maximum crack opening reaches 0.24mm, considered the long-term function rides 1.5 to multiply the big coefficient again, final crack opening approximately in 0.36mm.

根据近两年对板的抗弯试验表明，当设计强度取 435 N / mm2，正常使用状态下钢筋应力大约为 343 N / mm2，对应的平均裂缝宽度大约在0.14～0.15mm 范围，如取1.66倍增大系数，短期最大裂缝宽度达 0.24mm ，考虑长期作用再乘1.5倍增大系数，最终裂缝宽度大约在0.36mm 。

In the same way failure area is not single andis more complex with decrease of scale of specimens. And failure shape ismore close to quasi-brittle failure. It varies with homogeneousness that thescale of specimens at which failure shape changes.(3) The failure shape of homogeneous specimens with crack is controlledby crack. But that of heterogeneous specimens with crack is controlled bycrack and heterogeneousness.(4) Acoustic emission doesnt appear until homogeneous specimens fail.

但对于不同均质度，试件破坏形态发生变化的尺度也不同；(3)对于均质度较高的含裂纹试件，试件的破坏形态主要受裂纹控制，而对于均质度较差的含裂纹试件，试件的破坏形态由试件材料的非均匀性和裂纹共同控制；(4)均质度较高的试件，破坏前，试件内不出现声发射，破坏瞬间，声发射在某些部位同时出现，且随尺度增大，试件声发射能量增大，声发射区趋于集中。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

Plane strain, mode I quasi-static steady state crack growth is investigated utilizing the finite element method. It is once again established that TNT plasticity can significantly increase the stress level near the crack tip. The crack tip stress singularity is higher than or equal to the square-root singularity of elastic K field and is also independent of the plastic hardening exponent.

采用有限元方法研究了平面应变Ⅰ型准静态的稳态裂纹扩展，再次证实TNT非局部理论能够显著提高裂纹尖端附近的应力水平；裂尖应力场的奇异性超过或等于弹性K场平方根奇异性，而且与塑性硬化指数无关。

On the research of the propagation of the fatigue crack in the past 10 years, Paris and Zheng-hart have developed good formulas of the propagation of the fatigue crack of metal , but of which only describe the process of the propagation of the fatigue crack.

在近几十年对疲劳裂纹的扩展的研究中，Paris和Zheng-hirt对金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展的研究给出了很好的扩展表达式，但都是对疲劳裂纹扩展部分过程的描述。

Based on the fundamental principles of the improved method mentioned above, multi-functional computation software package, which can be used to analyze effectively the interference effects of random flaws in plane problem, boundary problem and space problem, is compiled and a number of problems involved in the interference effects of different kinds of flaws such as random equal length through-cracks, random branched throughcracks, random unequal length through-cracks, random holes to through-cracks, unequal length edge cracks, equal length and distance multiple edge cracks, random notches with different aspect ratio, random notch to edge crack, non-coplanar surface cracks with different aspect ratio, staggered surface cracks, surface crack to embedded crack and embedded cracks near free boundary are analyzed and computed by the package.

依据上述改进法的基本原理，本文编制了能有效地分析平面问题，边界问题及空间问题的任意缺陷群相互干涉效应的多功能计算软件包。据此，本文分析计算了各类缺陷群。诸如，任意等长裂纹群。任意折裂纹群；任意不等长裂纹群，任意孔与裂纹群，不等长边裂纹群。等长等间距多裂纹群，任意形状比缺口群，任意缺口与边裂纹，非共面不同形状比表面裂纹群，交错型表面裂纹群，表面裂纹与埋藏裂纹群及自由边界附近埋藏裂纹群等的相互干涉效应问题。

It includes hardware equipments and foundational theory of the image digitization. This paper expatiates on some digital image processing technologies that the inspecting system may apply to the research and analysis of the collected glass-crack image. Using neighborhood average method and median filter retrains the image noises and make the image edge smooth. Then protract the histogram of the gray image, get the threshold of this image, utilize the threshold method and gray-level slice method to get a binary image, and detect the image edge. Finally calculate the area and perimeter of the glass-crack image, and use the circularity to judge whether this image is a glass-crack image.

本文重点阐述了研究和开发这套玻璃瓶裂纹检测系统所应用到的一些数字图像处理技术，并应用这些技术和方法对采集的裂纹图像进行了处理和分析：应用邻域平均法和中值滤波法来抑制图像的噪声，使图像的边缘平滑；然后绘制出处理过图像的灰度直方图，得到该幅裂纹图像的阈值，利用阈值法和灰度级切片法对裂纹图像进行二值化处理，得到其二值图像，并对图像进行了边缘检测；最后计算出裂纹图像的面积和周长，利用圆形度指标来判断该图像是否为裂纹图像。

The crack spacing of CRCP changes randomly and has a significant impact on the pavement durability and performance. The direct integration method is used to analyze the reliability for crack spacing and width. The results show that the main factors that affected the reliability are the design crack spacing and the variability of parameters. This paper presents a nomogram for reliability calculation.

CRCP的裂缝间距是随机变化的，裂缝间距的不同会对路面耐久性产生显著影响，本文使用直接积分法计算了CRCP裂缝间距的可靠度，并使用蒙特卡罗法进行了对比，分析参数的敏感性，指出影响可靠性最主要的因素是设计裂缝间距及参数的变异性，给出了CRCP可靠度计算诺谟图。

Therefore, on the foundation of abroad research, this text describes the first and second order of crack turning theory, the influence of plasticity zone of crack tip and fracture resistance orthotropy of material to crack propagating trajectory.

因此，本文在国外文献的基础上，对裂纹转折的一阶和二阶理论以及材料裂纹尖端塑性区和断裂韧性各向异性对裂纹扩展路径的影响进行了描述。

The detailed algorithm on analyzing cracks exploration inside blocks is: enriched approximations which describe singular crack tips fields and discontinuous crack faces are employed under the Partition of Unity theory; the enriched nodes surrounding crack tips or faces are respectively mapped with corresponding enriched degrees of freedom, and the solution of all these degrees of freedom is uniformly proceeded by the implicit iteration algorithm of DDA, then fracture and breakage of DDA blocks can be analyzed. The numeric examples show this algorithm is rational and efficient.

为此建立的无网格法裂纹扩展分析算法，采用满足单位分解条件的特殊增强型函数表达裂纹周围应力场的非连续、奇异特性，将对应的扩展自由度动态映射到裂纹周围的节点上，统一按DDA法隐式迭代方式求解，实现块体裂纹扩展和强度分析，相关算例结果显示该算法是合理有效的。

But Severus escaped the hands of those that Julianus had sent to murder him and sent a letter to the praetorian guard, giving them the signal either to desert Julianus or to kill him.

赛维鲁总算逃过了尤利阿努斯派来的杀手，并写了一封信给罗马的禁卫军，向他们发出信号，要么抛弃尤利阿努斯，要么干掉他。他们立即服从了。

This text is in terms of this of " human nature ", it is under the influence of western literature human nature thought to probe into, awakening in human nature of novel works and all sorts of limitations that affectionate The school of Mandarin Duck and butterfly.

本文便是从"人性"这一角度，探讨在西方文学人性思想的影响下，清末民初鸳鸯蝴蝶派的言情、哀情小说作品在人性方面的觉醒与种种局限。