查询词典 tic equation

The results show that the composite compound observed is mainly composed of TiC, CaS and CeS; the nucleation sequence of the phases during the solidification of the alloy is CeS→TiC→austenite; the (100) crystal plane of CeS and the (001) plane of TiC, and (100) plane of TiC and (001) plane of austenite match perfectly; CeS can act as the heterogeneous nucleating center of TiC, and TiC can act as the nucleating center of austenite.

结果表明：试样中的复合化合物主要由CaS，CeS和TiC组成；合金凝固时的形核顺序为CeS→TiC→奥氏体；CeS及CaS的(100)晶面与TiC的(001)晶面、TiC的(100)晶面与奥氏体的(001)晶面匹配良好；CeS凝固时可作为TiC的异质形核核心，而TiC又可作为奥氏体的形核核心。

After quenching, the phases of the composite are as same as the as-cast composite, but the morphography of TiC particulate was transformed from square to sphere, some TiC particulates coarsen due to the precipitation of the solid-soluble TiC particulates; the other TiC particulates change into the smaller spherical particulates due to the solution of the sharpangled portion of the quadrate TiC particulates.

热处理后，复合材料的相组成不变，但是TiC颗粒由方形变成球形，固溶析出的TiC颗粒在某些TiC颗粒的表面沉积，使后者粗化；另一些方形颗粒的尖角处溶解形成直径更小的球形TiC颗粒。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

For the composites with a low content of TiC particle, the rupture manner was mainly the nucleation of cavity and following ductility splitting fracture. But for the composites with a high content of TiC particle, the cracking and decohesion of TiC particles were the main rupture mechanism. For the composite containing a middle TiC content, the rupture mechanism consisted of the above two styles, but the former was the dominating mechanism and the later was the subordinate mechanism.

对TiC体积分数较低的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒界面上的孔洞形核及随后塑性撕开机制是其断裂失效的主要机制；对TiC体积分数较高的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒的开裂及脱落是其断裂失效的主要机制：对TiC体积分数介于上述两者之间的钢基复合材料，拉伸过程中TiC颗粒界面上的孔洞形核及随后塑性撕开机制在其断裂失效过程中占主要地位，而TiC颗粒的开裂及脱落占次要地位。

The results under the oil lubricate friction conditions were similar with those under the dry friction conditions. The wear mechanism of 3Cr13 matrix alloy was micro-cutting and distorting wear. For the composites with a low fraction of TiC particle, distorting wear dominated and cutting was partly operating. For the composites with a high fraction of TiC particle, stress fatigue wear and wear of hard phase decohesion has occurred, but the main wear mechanism was still distorting wear. When the wear experiments were performed under the oil lubricate friction conditions, the main wear mechanism has became to abrasive wear and fatigue wear for the composites with the low TiC fraction, and fatigue wear would be to dominate for the composites with the high TiC fraction. There were similar wear mechanisms in H13 and 1Cr18Ni9 matrix composites.

在干摩擦条件下，3Cr13基体合金的磨损机理为显微切削和变形磨损；低体积分数的复合材料磨损机制以变形磨损为主，兼有少量的切削磨损机制；高体积分数的复合材料磨损机制以变形磨损为主，兼有应力疲劳磨损和脆性相剥落磨损；在油润滑摩擦条件下，3Cr13基体合金的磨损以磨粒磨损为主；低体积分数的复合材料磨损为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损；高体积分数的复合材料磨损以疲劳磨损为主。H13、1Cr18Ni9基体及其复合材料的磨损机制类似于3Cr13基体及其相同体积分数的复合材料。

The analyzed results about the forming mechanism of TiC indicate that the dendritical TiC is the primary TiC which freely grows in a continuous growth way in supercooling liquid metal before the peritectic reaction, and the short bar-like TiC nucleates and grows in β—Ti after peritectic reaction.

在对TiC形成机制的分析中认为，树枝状TiC是包晶反应之前过冷熔体中，以连续生长方式自由生长而成的初生TiC，而短棒状TiC则是包晶反应后在β-Ti的内部生核并长大而成。

Several important nonlinear equations of mathematical physics such as φ4 equation, Klein-Gordon equation, the approximate equations of sine-Gordon equation and sinhGordon equation, Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation, Duffing equation, nonlinear telegraph equation are the special cases of the nonlinear wave equation presented in this paper.

几个有重要应用的非线性数学物理方程，如矿方程，Klein-Gordon方程，Sine-Gordon方程，及Sinh-Gordon方程的近似，Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs方程，Duffing方程，非线性电报方程等都可作为该方程的特殊情形得到相应的显式精确解，这里方法也可推广到n+1维空间情形。

Compared with that of 3Cr13 alloy, the oxidation resistance of the composites containing 5 vol.％TiC particle was improved greatly at 850℃, but the improvement was relatively limited at 950℃. But the oxidation resistance of 1Cr18Ni9 composites containing 5 vol.％ TiC particle was obviously improved at 950℃, and at 850℃ the improvement is not large. The TiC particle can improve the oxidation resistance mainly was by developing the oxidation selectiveness of the Cr element as to change the phase constitution of the oxidation film, to alleviate the production of the stress in the oxidation film and to improve the cohesive force of the oxidation film or matrix interface and the chemical combination of the oxidation film.

与3Cr13合金相比，含5％volTiC颗粒的复合材料在850℃的抗氧化性能得到大幅度提高，而在950℃复合材料的抗氧化性能提高作用却是有限的；与1Cr18Ni9合金相比，含5％volTiC颗粒的复合材料在850℃的抗氧化性能略有提高，而950℃复合材料的抗氧化性能提高却是明显的；TiC颗粒可以提高两种基体合金抗氧化性能，主要是通过促进Cr的选择性氧化，进而改变氧化膜的相组成、减缓氧化膜内应力的产生、增加氧化膜/基体界面凝聚力及提高氧化膜化学结合力而实现的。

The results have shown that Ti-6Al-1.8C is composed of Ti and TiC reinforcements that are of two different morphologies: coarse dendritical primary TiC and short bar-shape eutectic TiC.

结果表明：在Ti-6Al-1.8C中主要存在Ti和TiC两种相。

Nano particle after being dispersed fully is added into A1, TiO2 and C powder in the suspension, and through fully mixing and combusting composition, loose blank of nano composite Al2O3-TiC base ceramic is obtained; and the blank is crushed, ball milled and hot pressed to densify, nano composite Al2O3-TiC base ceramic is obtained, which ontains Al2O3 40-55 wt%, TiC 25-48 wt%, nano phase 0.1-25 wt% and sintering assistant 0-2 wt%.

以重量百分比计，将纳米粒子充分分散后，以悬浮液的形式加入Al、TiO2、C粉末中，经充分混合后进行燃烧合成，得到Al2O3－TiC基纳米复合陶瓷的疏松坯体；将燃烧合成所得的坯体破碎、球磨后，进行热压致密化处理，制得含有三氧化二铝40.0－55.0％，碳化钛25.0－48.0％，纳米相0.1－25.0％，烧结助剂0－2.0％的Al2O3－TiC基纳米复合陶瓷材料。

Sodium citrate; calcium carbonate; calcium hydroxide; potassium bicorbonate; magnesium carbonate; ferrous sulphate; Zinc sulphate; copper sulphate; manganese sulphate; potassium iodide; sodium selenite.

柠檬酸钠；碳酸钙；氢氧化钙；碳酸氢钾；碳酸镁；硫酸亚铁；硫酸锌；硫酸铜；硫酸锰；碘化钾；亚硒酸钠。

All this to say that I'm glad filmmaking hasn't become completely ironic. I can enjoy an ironic film as much as the next person, but they usually involve a message of some sort. One that's delivered in a smirkingly clever way that requires little in the way of talent.

所有这些都是说，我很高兴电影制作没有变成完全讽刺艺术，我可以和下一个人一样享受讽刺电影的乐趣，虽然他们经常会被划归到一定级别，技术方面不需要很高的才能。