查询词典 thyroid cartilage

objective to analyze the ct appearance of thyroid carcinoma and the differential diagnosis of various thyroid disease.methods 83 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 119 cases of various benign disease with surgical and pathologically proved were analyzed retrospectively.results the ct findings of 83 cases of thyroid carcinoma include:ill defined nodules boundary (n=62),irregular necrosis(n=59),cystic(n=23),"peninsula" enhancing tubercles around the tumour(n=25),"mastoid" tubercles around the tumour(n=11),calcification(n=55) including large scale(n=27) and local(n=28),trachea invasion(n=15),neck or supraclavicular lymph node metastasis(n=27),the accurate of ct to differentia benignancy from malignancy on thyroid disease was 93.6%(189/202).conclusions "peninsula" enhancing tubercles was the characteristic sing of thyroid carcinoma,"mastoid" enhancing tubercles or large scale calcification was the affirmative sign,the ct signs was vary useful to differentiating thyroid disease.

摘 要］目的：分析甲状腺癌的ct表现及鉴别诊断要点。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的83例甲状腺癌和119例甲状腺良性病变的ct表现，归纳总结不同病变的ct特征。结果：83例甲状腺癌中：边界不清62例，不规则坏死59例，囊性变23例，出现"半岛状"强化结节25例，"乳头状"强化结节11例，钙化55例(其中弥漫性钙化27例、局灶钙化28例)，侵犯气管15例，颈部或锁骨上淋巴结肿大27例，ct对甲状腺病变的良恶性鉴别诊断符合率93.6%(189/202)。结论："半岛状"强化结节是甲状腺癌的特征性表现，"乳头状"强化结节及弥漫性钙化可做为甲状腺癌的肯定性征象，掌握各种甲状腺病变的ct表现特点，对病变的定性诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义。

Methods: the expression of s100a4 protein was detected in 130 cases of thyroid tissue by immunohistochemistry. there were 55 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 30 cases of matched samples of adjacent normal thyroid tissue, 15 cases of follicular thyroid carcinoma, 10 case of medullar thyroid carcinoma, 50 cases of benign thyroid neoplasm(25 cases of simple benign multimodal goiters and 25 cases of follicular adenoma), 5 cases of normal thyroid tissue.

用免疫组化检测130份甲状腺石蜡标本的s100a4蛋白表达情况，其中甲状腺癌80份(乳头状癌55例、滤泡癌15例、髓样癌10例)；甲状腺良性肿瘤50份(结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺滤泡型腺瘤各25例)；癌旁甲状腺组织30例；正常甲状腺组织5例。

Recently, bipolar radiofrequency energy has become popular as a method of performing chondroplasty because of accurately treatment to degenerative cartilage and minimal injury to normal cartilage. But the questions of the effects of bipolar RFE to degenerative cartilage, the reaction of chondrocyte and cartilage matrix, the change of the cartilage after the treatment, and the influence to the cartilage degenerative course, were still unknown.

但是双极射频在关节软骨退变治疗中究竟发挥何种作用，治疗区软骨细胞及软骨基质成分反应是怎样的，随着时间的推移软骨表面的变化如何，双极射频对软骨退变的病程有无影响，这些问题都不清楚。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

Selection criteria: Hypothyroidism with the increased thyroid microsomal antibodies, thyroid peroxides antibody, or thyroglobalin antibody which detected in city, and provincial hospital in gestation or before pregnancy were diagnosis as Hashimotos thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism supported with the thyroid ultrasonography or ECT scans or confirmed by fine-needle-aspirate biopsy of the thyroid, excluded the hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma and multinodular goiter, were diagnosis as Graves disease.

纳入标准：对妊娠前或妊娠期间曾在省、市级医院检查有甲状腺功能减退且伴有抗微粒体抗体或抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体增高者为慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎孕母；有甲状腺功能亢进且甲状腺B超或甲状腺ECT扫描或甲状腺细针穿刺病理检查证实、并排除高功能腺瘤及多发性结节者为GraveS病孕母。

Results The pharynx, larynx, epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, hyoid bone, vocal cord, artery, and vein were successfully restructured and displayed.

结果 成功重建并显示了咽、喉、会厌软骨、甲状软骨、环状软骨、杓状软骨、舌骨、声带、动脉、静脉、环杓肌、咽缩肌、甲状舌骨肌等结构，形成三维立体模型，使其可以任意角度旋转、切割、观察。

After 24 weeks,the operation area of group A was more smooth,and the surrounding normal cartilage naturally straight flush,transparent form new cartilage,subchondral bone formation in good condition;Group B restoration surgery the basic integrity of the cartilage tissue, center is not yet fully integrated,there was slight depression;CollagenⅡimmunohistochemistry of cartilage that was new brown area.Group C has no formation of articular cartilage.The growth and the intergration of subchondral bone of group A and B were better.

术后24周取材，见A组山羊手术区关节表面较为光滑，与周边正常软骨自然连续平齐，透明的新生软骨组织形成，软骨下骨形成完好；B组山羊手术区修复的软骨组织基本完整，中心部位仍未完全融合，有微小凹陷；Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化示新生软骨组织呈棕黄色。C组术区关节凹陷，无关节软骨组织形成。A组和B组，软骨下骨的生长及与周围组织的结合均较好，无植入物脱落现象的发生。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix,the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less;the ECM of cartilage are compised of type II collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury,the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow,but because of without stimulation mechanism,the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages,they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics;the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation,thus,the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.Ever since,people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

Experimental research on the effect of iodine excess on thyroid function in animal is divided into two aspects: the effect of iodine excess on thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid disease susceptible animal and the effect of iodine excess on thyroid function in common animal.

碘过量对甲状腺功能影响的动物实验研究分为两方面，碘过量对自身免疫病易感动物甲状腺功能的影响和碘过量对普通动物甲状腺功能的影响。

He's a pretty westernised kind of guy.

他是一个非常西化的人。

National spirit is the moral kingpin for a nation to realize common ideal and goal.

一、中华民族精神的基本内涵党的十六大报告指出：在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。