查询词典 thermodynamics

By studying the membrane preparation process for the typical membrane materials of polystyrene and cellulose acetate as well as a new type membrane material of polyvinyl butyral,the effects of operating parameters on the membranes structure are determined.By the study on the thermodynamics involved in the ternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/polymer and the calculation of theoretical ternary phase diagrams,the phase demixing behavior during the membranes formation by ScCO_2 induced phase separation process are described.By studying thermodynamics involved in the quaternary systerms of ScCO_2/solvent/additive/polymer,the effect of a low molecular weight additive on the quaternary phase diagram and dimixing speed are revealed.

通过对传统膜材料聚苯乙烯、醋酸纤维素及新型膜材料聚乙烯醇缩丁醛进行ScCO_2诱导相转化制膜工艺的实验研究，给出了操作参数对膜形态结构的影响规律；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/聚合物三元体系热力学问题，并计算出相应铸膜体系的三元相图，对ScCO_2诱导相转化膜制备过程的分相成膜行为进行了分析与描述；通过研究ScCO_2/溶剂/小分子添加剂/聚合物四元铸膜体系的热力学问题，并借助于四元体系理论相图计算的结果，分析了小分子添加剂对相分离过程的影响。

Week 9 Quantity of heat, work, internal energy in thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics.

第9周 热力学的热量、功、内能；热力学第一定律及对理想气体等值过程的应用。

Ecosystems and the laws of thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

生态系统与热力学定律热力学第一定律说明，能量既不能被创造，也不能被破坏。

Temperature, Simple Thermodynamic System, Work, heat and First Law of Thermodynamics, Ideal Gases, Engines, Refrigerators, and The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Reversibility and the Kelvin Temperature Scale, Entropy, Pure Substances, Phase Transitions, Statistical Mechanics, thermal Properties of Solids, Higher-Order Phase Transitions: Critical Phenomena.

温度、简单热力学系、功、热及热力学第一定律、理想气体、热机、致冷机及热力学第二定律、可逆性与Kelvin 温标、Entropy、纯物质、相转变、统计力学、固体的热性质、高阶相转变：临界现象。

By using the calculated results of EET theory, the local valence electron structure elements of residual chemical bonds of Al-Si and Mg-Al alloy melts, that is, the residual bond structure models, were established. From the viewpoint of effect of pressure on melt structure, the essential reason of deviation phenomenon for maximum solution point and eutectic point in thermodynamics equilibrium phase diagram was analysed. Moreover, under pressure condition, the change of thermodynamics equilibrium phase diagram was macroscopic reflection of microstructure change of alloy melt.

运用固体与分子经验电子理论的计算结果分别建立Al-Si、Mg-Al两种合金熔体的剩余化学键的局域价电子结构基本单元即残余键结构模型，从压力对熔体结构作用的层面，分析热力学平衡相图中最大固溶点和共晶点发生偏移的本质原因，并指出压力作用下热力学平衡相图的变化是合金熔体微观结构信息变化的宏观反映。

Since Anfinsen and his co-workers brought forward the plus of the stability of thermodynamics is the right folding drive in the protein folding process basis on the study of the reversible ribotide-enzyme stretch and refold in 1960s, the investigation on the study of kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding and binding have been greatly promoted.

自从上世纪60年代Anfinsen和他的合作者根据核糖核酸酶可逆伸展与重折叠的研究提出蛋白质折叠过程在热力学稳定方面获得的增益是控制蛋白质在体外正确折叠的驱动力以来，关于蛋白质折叠的动力学和热力学研究取得了很大的进展，特别是Wolynes所建立的能量形貌图理论对生物物理学的蛋白质折叠问题提供了强有力的理论模型。

In this paper, based on a regular solution model, a systematic study has been made for the wettability mechanism of metal/ceramic system by means of the bulk phases thermodynamics and the surface phases thermodynamics.

改善和预测金属/陶瓷润湿性对金属基复合材料的发展有很高的实用价值和重要理论意义。本文采用体相热力学和表面热力学相结合的方法研究了金属/陶瓷的润湿机制。

The thermodynamics and the dynamics mechanism have been studied.The results show that it is advisable for the HCHO and NaH_2PO_2 as the reduction due to the electrode potential of the reduction is more negative than that of Cu~ 2+ from the analysis of data in thermodynamics.It is advantage for the reaction of electroless copper in the alkaline solution. According to the analysis of Tafel slope of a cathodal polarization curve,...

结果表明：从热力学数据分析看，还原剂的电极电位皆比铜离子负，用甲醛、次亚磷酸钠做还原剂还原Cu2+在热力学上是可行的，在碱性溶液中对化学镀铜反应有利；从阴极极化曲线的Tafel斜率分析看，Cu2+=Cu+步骤为阴极反应的速度控制环节；从镀液的旋转圆盘电极测试结果分析看，电子跃迁步骤H2CO-ad rdsHCOOH+1/2H2+e-为镀液中阳极反应速度的控制性步骤。

Reversible and irreversible thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, and statistical thermodynamics are the roots of the described thermal analysis.

可逆和不可逆热力学，动力学，量子力学，热力学和统计所描述的是热分析的根源。

This results in a higher possibility for the components to enter the unstable demixing gap after the rapid phase separation of the system has taken place.Therefore,a bicontinuous structure is easily formed for CA membrane. For the systems of ScCO_2/toluene/PSt and ScCO_2/solvent/PVB,the increase of temperature or decrease of pressure leads to the binodal curves shifting toward the polymer/solvent axes,and thus results in the decrease of miscibility gap.The membrane toplayers of ScCO_2/solvent/PVB systems are dominated by the equilibrium thermodynamics,while the formation of membranes sublayers is the result of the combination of the equilibrium thermodynamics and membrane formation kinetics.

以下时由双节线、旋节线之间构成的亚稳互溶分相区很窄，使得该体系在快速分相后其组成变化进入旋节线内不稳分相区的可能性极高，从而易导致CA膜形成双连续结构；温度升高或压力减小均可导致ScCO_2/甲苯/PSt与ScCO_2/溶剂/PVB两种铸膜体系的双节线向聚合物/溶剂轴一侧靠近，均相区减小；ScCO_2/溶剂/PVB体系的膜表面结构形成主要受平衡热力学过程的控制，而膜的截面结构是其平衡热力学与扩散动力学共同作用的结果。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。