查询词典 systematics

The RAPD results illustrate that the phylogenetic relationship betweenBothriocephalid tapeworm parasitic in Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus(C.et V.and Common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)from different regions ofChina is infraspecific with noticeable variance bwtween them.Thephylogenetic trees based on the 3 sequences analyses above are constructed,which show the following relationships:Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromGrass carp,Common carp and Luciobrama are found to be monophyletic,and are very close to Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis,but are divergent toanother monophyletic group comprising Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromZacco,Hemiculter and Leuciscus.On the basis of phylogenetic reconstruction,autapomorphic species conceptis used in species delimitation suitablefor determining four species in the present study:B.acheilognathi,B.opsariichthydis,and two other bothriocephalids parasitic respectively inHemiculter and Leuciscus.It is also deduced that the differentiation time ofBothriocephalid tapeworms parasitic in cyprinids is earlier than that of theirhosts,and the most recent specification happened about one million yearsago.Key words Bothriocephalid tapeworm Molecular Systematics

具体成果有：通过RAPD分析探明了我国不同地理分布的草、鲤鱼头槽绦虫的亲缘关系属于种下水平，并存在较高变异；通过基因合并分析重建头槽绦虫的系统发育关系，表明草鱼、鲤鱼及鯮鱼头槽绦虫是单系群，它们与马口鱼头槽绦虫亲缘关系较近，而与〓条、宽鳍鱲及雅罗鱼头槽绦虫构成的另一单系群亲缘关系较远；在此基础上，提出符合头槽绦虫种的界定的独征物种概念，据此确定鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的四个种：鱊头槽绦虫，马口鱼头槽绦虫，以及另两种分别寄生于〓条和雅罗鱼的头槽绦虫：根据上述研究推断鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的分化年代早于其宿主，最近的一次物种形成距今约一百万年左右。

The concrete work include: First, we consult a lot of herbarium specimen from PE, NAS, IFP and XJA etc.; Second, we collect more than 100 species of Brassicaceae from Xinjiang, Jilin and Shandong; Third, we study the phylogeny of Brassicaceae from China to approach some divergence on the tribe, genera and species of Brassicaceae using many ways including morphology, micromorphology and molecular systematics, furthermore, estimate the significance of every index.

2确定了两种模式植物-拟南芥与盐芥的系统学位置和系统学关系，认为两者分别归于拟南芥属和盐芥属，其亲缘关系较远，拟南芥属靠近须弥芥属、荠属、亚麻荠属、旗杆芥属、无苞芥属、糖芥属以及垂果南芥等，而盐芥属靠近山嵛菜属和沟子荠属，对于它们的深入认识，为两种模式植物在进化领域研究物种抗逆适应与趋异分化提供了一个不可多得的比较模式系统，以及更多可供比较的物种，具有重要的应用价值。

Buxaceae is a small family which is composed of more than 60 species of 5 genera, but its plant systematics is very complicated.

黄杨科是有5属60余种植物的小科，系统位置较为复杂。

The phylogenetic relationships of Calycanthaceae were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on three DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial matR gene.

本文选取来自于三个基因组—核基因组、线粒体基因组和叶绿体基因组的3个DNA序列片段，对蜡梅科的系统发育进行重建，主要探讨了蜡梅科的系统位置和属间系统演化关系。

Additionally, observed the morphological changes of some representative species such as Folsomia candida during the whole developmental course of them, supplied further evidences to the systematics studies of Collembola based development biology.

同时还观察了弹尾纲的代表物种白符等的胚胎发育全过程的外部形态特征变化，为弹尾纲的系统分类提供了发育生物学方面的证据。

These provide evidences for systematics of Coniogramme .

上述研究结果为凤丫蕨属植物的系统分类及演化提供了证据。

The phylogenetic relationships of Fagales were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on six DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial gene matR.

本文采用来自三个基因组--叶绿体、线粒体和核基因组的六个DNA序列片段，对壳斗目的系统发育进行了重建，主要探讨了壳斗目八个科的科间系统演化关系及不同基因系统树间存在冲突的原因。

Gastropoda's systematics has seen a recent boost from the end of last century, with the rapid developments of morphology and molecular biology technologies as well as the application of new systematic classification methods.

近年来，随着形态学和分子生物学技术的不断发展，新的系统分类方法的应用、新的动物类群的发现，使得腹足类系统发育及其分类学研究有了很大的进展。

Subordinated to it are Labs of Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Insect Molecular Systematics, Insect Physiology, Insect Pathology and Pest Control.

下设半翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目、昆虫分子系统学、昆虫生理、昆虫病理学和害虫防治研究室。

It is designed to further the interchange of knowledge and ideas between specialists on different subjects, ranging from the sue of biochemical techniques in herpetological research to electron microscopy, from amphibian and reptilian genetics to the fossil history of the modern amphibians, including systematics and taxonomy as well as behaviour, physiology and ecology.

该杂志的目标是为了使从事不同研究的专家能够交换知识和想法，其内容涉及爬行类研究中从分子技术到电子显微结构水平、从两栖类遗传学到现代爬行类的化石研究的各个方面，同时包括爬行类的系统学、分类学，以及行为学、生理学和生态学等。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。