查询词典 sunspot cycle

During a sunspot cycle, the faculae actually win out over the sunspots and make the Sun appear slightly (about 0.1%) brighter at sunspot maximum that at sunspot minimum.

在一个太阳黑子周期，光斑真正赢得了对太阳黑子和太阳的出现使轻微（约0.1％）最低光明在太阳黑子最高，在太阳黑子。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

During the course of the short-cycle correlation, This paper assembleds the descending cycle of early cycle and the ascending cycle of late cycle, which are conjointed together , begin to correlate and draw the ichnography . By this method , writer can consider the two connected sandbodies as one unit to analyse , and can contact the sand units of exploitatition in the oilfield. Then analyse the distributing and the continuity of the sandbodies in the medium-cycle, the distributing and the continuity of oil and gas in the short-cycle.

每个中期旋回包括 3-4 个短期旋回，在短期旋回的对比中，将垂向上相邻的早期短期旋回的下降半旋回和晚期短期旋回的上升半旋回组合到一起进行对比划分和平面成图，这使得相邻两套的粉砂岩作为一个单元进行分析，与油田开发中的小层紧密的结合到一起。

The remainder of the smoothed monthly sunspot numbers of cycle 23 is given by using the method, and a comparision of this mthod with the similar cycle method is given as well.A basis for the determination of minimum time of a solar cycle and a basis for the determination of maximum time of a solar cycle are given.

利用已知的22个完整太阳活动周平滑月平均黑子数的记录，给出了对正在进行的太阳活动周发展趋势进行预测的方法，并应用于第23周，同时与其它相似周方法给出的预测结果进行了比较。

An early comprehensive attempt to incorporate the Schwabe cycle into a business cycle framework was suggested by William Stanley Jevons (18351882), who early in his career was a practicing meteorologist. In JevonsInvestigations in Currency and Finance, he discussed economic fluctuations and isolated three components of economic activity: seasonal fluctuation, business cycles and trends. Jevons attempted to statistically link the business cycle with fluctuations in sunspot activity.

早期努力将施瓦布周期并入商业周期的框架由早期是实习气象学家的William Stanley Jevons (18351882)提出在他流通与金融的研究一文中，他讨论了经济波动和经济活动独立的三个内容：季节性波动商业周期和趋势他还努力统计商业周期与太阳黑子活动波动的关系另外有由Jevons的儿子H.S。

Using the data of the sunspot number and based on its characteristics the time sequence of the magnetic index of the sunspot magnetic field is established. The intensity of the South Asia summer monsoon circulation index is established using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1948to 2006 and the relationship between them is analyzed.

利用太阳黑子相对数资料，根据太阳磁场磁性特征建立了太阳磁场磁性指数时间序列，并利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料建立了1948-2006年的南亚夏季风环流强度指数，对两者之间存在的可能相关关系作了分析。

ENORMOUS SUNSPOT: Sunspot 652 is so big you can see it without a telescope.

巨大的太阳黑点：太阳的黑点 652 是如此大你能没有一只望远镜看见它。

In the economic cycle, it is necessary to pay attention to the inventory cycle, corporate capital spending cycle and the real estate cycle, the three-cycle changes.

在经济周期中，要注意库存周期，企业资本支出的周期和房地产周期，三个周期的变化。

ABSTRACT Global carbon cycle is a very important issue in the study of global climate change. Forest ecosystem carbon cycle is one of the important part of global carbon cycle, but at the present time there are considerable uncertainties in the research of global carbon cycle, which also exist in forest ecosystems carbon cycle research, especially in the estimation of carbon storage of region forest ecosystems and CO〓 fluxes exchanging with other systems.

全球碳循环是全球气候变化研究的核心问题之一，森林生态系统碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，目前在全球碳循环的研究中还存在很大的不确定性，这种不确定性同样存在于森林生态系统碳循环的研究中，尤其表现在对区域森林生态系统碳库大小及其与大气CO〓交换通量的估计上。

Analytical results showed that the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increased with increasing condensation temperature of Rankine cycle, inlet pressure of turbines of Rankine cycle and LNG cycle, and decreased with increasing outlet pressure of turbines of Rankine cycle and LNG cycle.

分析结果表明，混合动力循环热效率和可用能效率随朗肯循环冷凝温度升高、朗肯循环透平进口压力和液化天然气循环透平进口压力增大而提高，随朗肯循环透平出口压力和液化天然气循环透平出口压力增大而降低。

That's what makes this mod unique.

这也正是这个MOD独特。

I now feel furious and want to do something.

现在我觉得非常气愤，想做点什么。