查询词典 studies

Drawing on the rich experience of our primary and secondary KB teachers in KLAs such as primary school general studies and extra curricular activities, secondary level languages studies, liberal studies, sciences and humanities etc, the project teachers and the project team will highlight their insights and give pointers to the various resources in the professional development website.

参与本计划的老师及研究小组成员，将引用他们在中小学不同学习领域，例如小学的常识科和课外活动，以及中学的语文教育、通识教育、科学、人文教育等方面的丰富经验，重点介绍他们的心得，并演示上述为知识建构老师而设的资源网站内的各种教学资源。

Starting with the earlier studies on point of view, this paper elaborates on the studies of and the debates about focalization in the context of classical narratology and explores the current state of focalization studies in the context of postclassical narratology with cases like feminist narratology and cognitive narratology.

从早期的叙述视角研究谈起，详细评析经典叙事学视阈下叙述聚焦理论的建构与论争。同时，以女性主义叙事学和认知叙事学为例，着力探究后经典叙事学视阈下叙述聚焦研究的新态势，希图从全局上考察和把握叙述聚焦研究在西方学界的嬗变。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

Drawing on studies in intercultural communication, applied linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse studies and other researches related to the studies of language, culture and communication, the author bases her ideology for interculturalizing ELT in China mainly on three lines of thinking: 1 the perception of language, communication and culture as triunity in language teaching and learning; 2 the understanding of the English teaching/learning process as dialogic interactions between the learner and the culture Other and between their pertaining linguacultures; 3 the rethinking of ELT in China as intercultural literacy education oriented towards intercultural speakership of the learner as a full-fledged member of the global community powered with intercultural communication competence in English.

本研究汲取了跨文化交际学、应用语言学、语用学、社会语言学、语篇分析及其他有关语言、文化和交际的研究成果，作者关于跨文化交际中国英语教学的思想主要建立在以下三个方面的认识：1语言、交际与文化在外语教学中应该被视为三位一体的统一体；2英语教学的过程是学习者与文化他者之间、以及他们各自相关的语言-文化之间对话性互动的过程；3中国英语教学应该是跨文化素质教育的重要组成部分和手段，其终极目标是把学生培养成为具有英语跨文化交际能力、在国际社会交往中运用自如、羽翼丰满的跨文化人。

It summarizes the current advancements in the aboveOmentioned field in terms of eight aspects :①relations between L2 speech perception and production ,②L2 phonological studies ,③L2 speech segmental studies ,④L2 speech acquisition models ,⑤L2 speech suprasegmental studies ,⑥L1 transfer in L2phonological acquisition ,⑦nonO linguistic factors in L2 phonological acquisition ,and ⑧L2 speech instruction.

本文主要探讨了国外第二语言语音习得研究近年来的进展，着重涉及以下8 个方面：①二语口头话语感知与表达的关系、②二语口头话语的音系学研究、③二语口头话语的语段理论研究、④二语音系理论模型的构建、⑤二语口头话语的超音段研究、⑥二语音系习得中的母语迁移、⑦非语言因素对二语音系习得的影响、⑧二语语音教学研究。

Scientific studies of death have been undertaken in medicine, philosophy, sociology and thanatology for a long time. As the problems of death are being noticed in hospice care and life education, they also become a topic of academic studies. These studies constitute the foundation of modern theory of life and death.

科学的死亡内容在医学、哲学、社会学与死亡教育等各学科的研究上，已有一定的发展研究成果，安宁疗护医疗纳入医疗体制与生命教育受到重视之后，死亡的问题也因此由隐而显地被公开探讨与引入学术研究，并试图建构生死学的现代理论基础。

This dissertation proposes group reasoning and group AHP-based GDSS structure and its decision steps to solve the problems existing in research of theory and application of GDSS. Besides, the dissertation also studies the method of group reasoning on rough-set and qualitative reasoning method basis in GDSS. It also studies on constructing method of hierarchy structure of group AHP in GDSS and combinative method of judgment matrixes. Moreover, it studies on method regarding construction of judgment matrixes on rough set based and optimization theory of convex combination parameters of judgment matrixes as well. Finally, it develops an AHP based GDSS to demonstrate the efficiency of these methods.(1) This dissertation also summarizes the developing trend of GDSS and analyses problems as regards the research of GDSS.

本论文针对GDSS理论研究及应用中存在的若干问题，提出了基于群体推理及群体层次分析法的GDSS结构，并给出了基于该结构的GDSS的决策程序；研究了GDSS环境下的基于粗糙集理论及定性推理技术的群体推理方法，并举例说明了方法的有效性；研究了GDSS环境下群体AHP层次结构的建立、判断矩阵集结的理论与方法；研究了判断矩阵凸组合系数的优化原理；探讨了基于Rough Set的判断矩阵构造方法；开发了一个基于AHP的GDSS原型系统，旨在验证本文关于GDSS环境下群体AHP有关方法的有效性。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

Because of the nonrandomized allocation of patients to groups, such studies are prone to substantial selection bias and confounding.23 Although case series studies are relatiely low in the hierarchy of eidence, well-conducted and adequately reported studies can proide useful data on "real world" effectieness and the safety of the procedure.24

虽然病例组的研究在证据等级上相对较低，但有些研究很好地实施，并作了恰当的报道，在手术真实的有效性和安全性方面，可以提供有用的数据[24]。

The formation of charge transfer complex was studied in the first part. The second part includes the synthesis and characterization of the acrylated unsaturated polyester and the kinetic studies on the Ar-UPE/ triethylene divinyl ether (DVE-3) photocuring system, the rheology and properties of film after photocuring. The third part includes the synthesis and characterization of the urethane modified unsaturated polyester and the kinetic studies on the PU-UPE/DVE-3 photocuring system, the rheology and properties of film after photocuring. The fourth part includes the synthesis and characterization of the vinyl ether end capped polyurethane and the kinetic studies on the VE-PU/DVE3 photocuring system, the rheology and properties of film after photocuring.

整个研究工作分为四个部分：一是电荷转移复合物的研究；二是丙烯酰氧基化不饱和聚酯的合成，表征，Ar-UPE/二缩乙二醇二乙烯基醚（DVE-3）体系光固化动力学研究以及Ar-UPE/DVE-3体系流变性能和光固化后涂膜综合性能的研究；三是氨酯改性的不饱和聚酯的合成，表征，PU-UPE/DVE-3体系光固化动力学研究以及该体系光固化后涂膜综合性能的研究；四是乙烯基醚封端的聚氨酯的合成，表征，VE-PU/马来酸二甲酯体系光固化动力学研究以及VE-PU/DMA体系流变性能和光固化后涂膜综合性能的研究。

But in the course of internationalization, they meet with misunderstanding and puzzlement.

许多企业已经意识到了这一点，但在国际化的进程中，仍存在一些误区与困惑。

Inorder toaccomplish this goal as quickly as possible, we'll beteamingup with anexperienced group of modelers, skinners, and animatorswhosenames willbe announced in the coming weeks.

为了尽快实现这个目标，我们在未来数周内将公布与一些有经验的模型、皮肤、动画制作小组合作。