查询词典 stem

Among the 27 patients with a total of 32 MRI studies (including five follow-up scans), 20 had abnormal T2 high-signal lesions in the brain stem and the other 7 were normal. The characteristic features of brain stem encephalitis encompassed myoclonic jerks, tremors, ataxia, cranial nerve palsy and, in seven severe cases, apnea and acute neurogenic cardiopulmonary collapse.

研究结果：二十七例病童总共接受三十二次磁振造影检查，其中有二十例在T2权重影像发现有不正常高讯号在脑干盖部，另外七例磁振造影结果为正常。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Objective: To explore the influence of serum of different concentrations towards co-cultured neuroepithelial stem cells and Schwann cells, and further to seek the factors inducing the orientation differentiation of neural stem cells.

目的：探讨血清对联合培养神经上皮干细胞与Schwann细胞的影响，进一步寻求诱导神经上皮干细胞定向分化的影响因素。

RESULTS: The neural stem cells isolated from neonatal rat brains had the potential of serial passage and proliferation, besides, they express neuroepithelial stem cell protein and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

诱导分化后的细胞能表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞的特异性蛋白。

Results: The Schwann cells promoted the survival and differentiation of neuroepithelial stem cells, and the number of the neurons decreased with an increase of serum concentration. Both the neuroepithelial stem cells and serum promoted the survival and the proliferation of the Schwann cells.

结果：Schwann细胞促进神经上皮干细胞存活和分化，随着血清浓度增加，神经上皮干细胞分化形成的神经元比例减少；神经上皮干细胞及血清均促进Schwann细胞存活和增殖，随血清浓度增加，存活及增殖率增加。

Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into neuroepithelial progenitor cells in both feeder containing and feeder free systems,yet feeder free system has a relatively lower inductive efficiency with part of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

人胚胎干细胞在有饲养层和无饲养层体系中均可诱导分化形成神经上皮祖细胞，但无饲养层体系的效率相对较低，且有未分化胚胎干细胞残余。

BMSCs can be induced into neural stem cells and further neural stem cells derived from bone marrow can differentiate into neural cells and neuroglial cells.

骨髓基质细胞能在体外诱导分化出神经干细胞，且骨髓源性神经干细胞可进一步定向分化为神经细胞及神经胶质细胞。

Bone marrow stromal cells are cells got rid of hemopoietic stem cells in marrow cell of mature individual, which is approved to be multi-differentiation potential including transforming into neural stem cell, and differentiation into neurs and neuroglial cell.

骨髓基质细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)是成体骨髓细胞中除造血干细胞之外的另一类骨髓干细胞，近年来的研究证明其具有多向分化的潜能，包括向神经干细胞转化，并可进一步分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。

Over the past 28 months, the induced pluripotent stem cells iPS cells, with characteristics identical to those of embryonic stem cells (ES cells directly in vitro reprogrammed from nonembryonic cells and tissues have captured great attentions in both scientific community and general public.

日本和美国研究小组先后用4种基因将小鼠(2006年8月)和人(2007年11～12月)的体细胞在体外重编程为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells，iPS cells)，此后在短短两年多时间内，iPS 细胞的研究和关注度呈爆炸式增长。

This review focuses on the current research progress of the liver cell differentiation source, and it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various hepatic stem cells and nonhepatic stem cells, expecting to provide a reference for liver cell source selection during tissue engineering, an adequate and suitable source for bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation and to help to treat liver diseases.

本文着重论述了目前肝脏细胞的分化来源研究进展情况，并对各种肝源性和非肝源性干细胞的优缺点进行了讨论，以期为肝组织工程选择细胞来源提供参考，为生物人工肝、肝细胞移植提供充足、合适的细胞来源，协助治疗肝脏疾病。

The statistical analysis of this large set of mutations has led us to propose a diagnostic strategy that should help with the molecular work-up of optic neuropathies.

这一大系列基因突变的统计学分析引导我们提出一个诊断策略，可以帮助我们对视神经病变进行分子学的诊断检查。

The results show that the pipe grouting changes the mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks to achieve the security of engineering objectives by reinforcing surrounding rocks and bolcking the water.

研究表明：小导管注浆一方面改变了围岩的力学参数，另一方面利用浆液的固结特性可以实现堵水和加固围岩的工程目标，使隧道在开挖过程中的安全得到保障。