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According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

The formulas being statistically different at a 90% confidence level are connected by asterisks in Fig.

公式是不同的统计 90 ％置信水平连接的星图。

There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of PCA demands and delivered boluses or among perioperative VAS scores.

结果显示，在 PCA 需要次数、 PCA 给药量及围术期 VAS 评分方面没有显著的统计学差异。

No statistically significant differences were found among the various pathologic types of the tumors of the three chaperones.

在不同病理类型中，三者的表达水平均无显著差异。

No statistically significant differences of the three chaperones were found among the various pathologic types of the tumors.

在临床Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期及不同病理类型之间，三种分子伴侣的表达均未见显著差异。

According to the surface electromyogram to statistically analyse IEMG and knee joint in different phases, we can find the relationship among the main work muscle in swinging of hurdle step, the cooperative muscle of crura muscle in doing act, the change of angle in pressing and touching down, and skill action.

根据表面肌电图，对IEMG及不同阶段膝关节角度进行统计分析。结果发现，在跨栏步摆动腿动作中的主要工作肌，在完成相应动作的肌肉发力顺序，在完成动作过程中下肢肌肉表现出来的协作肌和对抗肌以及蹬地和着地时角度变化跟技术动作的关系。

The apoptosis rate increased in the experimental group with time elongating, being markedly statistically significant from 8 h compared with the control one.

实验组细胞的凋亡率随时间延长而增加，自8 h起与对照组差异有显著意义(t=15.06~20.75，P.01)。

In a preliminary study of elderly nursing home residents in Japan, only 1.3% of those who gargled with a green tea extract three times a day during the winter developed influenza, whereas 10.4% of those who gargled without the green tea extract developed the disease (a statistically significant difference).

在一个日本老人护理之家住民的初步研究，只有1.3人谁gargled与绿茶提取物在冬季每天3次％感冒，而10.4那些没有谁绿茶提取物研制的疾病gargled％。

Using a fitting method which can reasonably assign weight to the observational data including two quantities with different dimensions, we obtain a V-band MRL based on the dynamical masses and luminosities of 203 main sequence stars. Compared with the previous work, the improved MRL is statistically significant, and the relative error of mass estimation reaches about 5%.

利用一个能合理分配两个不同量纲观测量权重的拟合方法，根据203颗恒星的动力学质量和光度数据给出了主序星的V波段经验质光关系，该结果对此前结果的改进不仅具有统计显著性，而且其对恒星质量估计的相对误差已达到约5%。

The incidence of large quantity of overfilling was 23.08% in group 1 and 11.58% in group 2, and the difference was statistically significant.

牙齿工作长度的精确测量是根管治疗术成功的重要环节，没有准确的根管工作长度就无法保证根管充填中严密的根管封闭，而根管治疗术的成功与否，直接影响到患牙能否保存及功能恢复状况。

In the chapter 2, the theoretic knowledge about the photosensitive resin and the grinding tools was firstly introduced.

第二章阐述了光固化树脂结合剂磨具的相关理论研究。

Do not use the program's indenting or margin-setting features; these will be added during typesetting.

不要使用缩排，页面边缘设置之类的选项，偶看不大懂。