查询词典 start using

In different climate zones in China,analyses the annual energy consumption of an all-air air conditioning system under four operating modes,using fresh air ratio regulations only,using enthalpy recovery wheels only,using both of them and using none of them.

选取哈尔滨、北京、上海等5个建筑气候分区的代表城市，以同一办公建筑为例，分析全空气空调系统在未采用新风比调节及全热转轮热回收装置、仅采用新风比调节、仅采用全热转轮热回收装置和同时采用全热转轮热回收装置和新风比调节四种情况下的全年能耗差异，探讨适合不同地区节能建筑的全热转轮热回收装置和新风比调节的应用方式。

Using dual energy X-ray bone density instrument XR-36 model to detect the bone mineral density of the left femur of the rats. Using the strain test system, we examined the biomechanics index according the tension and three-spot bending test; we also examined the bone calcium of the lumbar vertebra through plasma emission spectroscopy . We examined the serum calcium and magnesium by using the nomal biomechanics method,and examined the serum acid phosphatase and osteocalcin by using the Elisa method.

使用NORLAND公司XR-36型双能X线骨密度仪，采用小动物骨密度测定软件，测定大鼠左后肢股骨的骨密度；使用应变测试系统，按股骨拉伸和三点弯曲试验，测定股骨生物力学指标；以等离子体发射光谱法测定腰椎骨骨钙含量；以常规生化法测定血清钙、镁含量及血清酸性磷酸酶含量；以Elisa法测定骨钙素含量。

Based on the characteristics of parameterized design and key technologies of knowledge based engineering, and specially according to the characteristics of the construction, figure, assembly-parameter of bicycle frame design, the article has achieved repeated using of experiential parameter and knowledge by adopting methods such as automatic reading experiential datasheet, computing parameter by making use of program, manual data-input or modifying and so on. Based on analyzing the characteristics of Rear End design and the associated characteristics with Chain Stay and Seat Stay, different design methods are analyzed in detail, and rapidly assembling of Rear End, Chain Stay and Seat Stay is achieved by using the method of combining top-down-assembly with down-top-assembly method. Based on analyzing special technologies and UDF characteristics, the repeated using of different sectional shapes by using UDF technology on the tube section design is also achieved, and this will greatly shorten the time spent on fixing the dimensions and orientations on sketches.

在探讨了参数化设计技术特点和知识工程关键技术的基础上，针对自行车车架设计中的结构、形状、装配参数特点，分别采用了读入经验数据表、参数程序求解、手工录入或修改方法实现车架设计经验参数和知识的重复利用；在分析自行车后叉片设计特点及与平、立叉的关联特性的基础上，对不同的设计方案进行了详细分析，并采用自顶向下和自底向上相结合的方法，实现了后叉片的快速装配定位与平、立叉设计相关联；在分析了特征技术和UDF特点的基础上，将UDF用于管件截面的设计上，使各种截面形状能不断重复利用，大大节省了约束草图尺寸和位置的时间。

For specific aspect, that is, discussing the rank of urban system by using centricity strength, discussing the cities'layout of scale by using Rand-Size Rule, discussing the export-orientated level of the economic development by using the volume of trade for external trade, the foreign direct investment and the dependence on external trade, and discussing the spatial structure by using the Fractal Theory.

通过计算城市中心性强度分析城市体系的等级层次；选用1993—2004年的城市年末总人口数据，分析城市体系的规模结构，应用位序—规模法则探讨环城市的规模分布；采用外贸出口额、外商直接投资额、出口依存度三个指标分析城市经济发展的外向性水平；测算城市体系中各城市之间的直线距离，应用分形理论分析城市体系空间结构。

By using the statistical data of 2005 urban cantonal non-agriculture population and its labor force structure from the Chinese urban year-books, with the start of basic urban economic activities, using the study on urban economic basis with the base of multivariate cities, this paper analyses the urban comprehensive functional classification of 18 cities in Henan Province, and classifies all cities into 6 groups, then analyses the urban functional system of Henan.

采用2005年城市市辖区非农业人口以及劳动力与就业人口的统计资料，以城市基本经济活动为出发点，在多变量聚类的基础上运用城市经济基础研究的方法，对河南省18个主要城市进行综合职能分类，共分出6个大类，然后进行简单的分析。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

EXE file using this method, you should start by using %include to load the exebin.mac macro package into your source file.

EXE文件，你应当在开头用%include载入exebin.mac宏包到你的源文件中。

When a truck enters Switzerland, a signal from a DSRC beacon at the border station tells the OBU to start recording the distance travelled, using data from the tachograph, checked using GPS.

当一辆卡车进入瑞士时，边境检查站的DSRC适配器会发一个信号给OBU开始计算行驶距离，数据从计速器上采集并通过GPS加以校正。

You start, first, with spanning a realistic landscape of a river using a modern truss bridge out of steel by just using a few bits of gussets and plastic I-beams.

你开始，首先，跨越现实的景观河使用现代桁梁桥出钢只是用数位gussets和塑料的I -梁。

By the time I was fourteen the nail in my wall would no longer support the weight of the rejection slips impaled upon it. I replaced the nail with a spike and went on writing. By the time I was sixteen I'd begun to get rejection slips with handwritten notes a little more encouraging than the advice to stop using staples and start using paperclips.

我14岁时，墙上的钉子无法负荷退稿的重量，掉了下来，我换了另一根长钉，然后继续写作。16岁时，一份退稿的眉批给了我小小的鼓舞，这一次不再只是叫我把订书针换成回形针之类的建议。

Don not attempt to do something which you can not to do.

不要企图做那些办不到的事情。

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。