查询词典 squall cloud

Transmissions at 0.75 and 1.65 μm can also be used to retrieve τ and re. 2. Study the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on the satellite retrieval simultaneously. Two 3D cloud fields, cumulus and stratocumulus fields are used in our study. The two cloud fields are generated with LES model and are adopted by the I3RC phase II. The BRDF at the wavelengths of 0.65 and 2.13 μm are calculated with SHDOM, and then the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius are simultaneously retrieved using the MODIS algorithm. We studied the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on the satellite retrieval at high and medium resolutions. Some conclusions have been made, such as the BRDF abnormal phenomenon, the reverse relationship between τ and re, the clustering effect of over and under estimation in the retrieval of τ and re .

我们选用为I3RC所采用的由LES模式给出的具有明确物理属性的两个高分辨率三维云场－积云场与层积云场，利用SHDOM三维辐射传输模式来模拟卫星观测的辐射值，并采用MODIS算法进行反演，同时研究了在高分辨云场及中低分辨率云场下，云的非均匀性对反演云光学厚度及有效粒子半径的影响，并得到了云的非均匀性会造成的双向反射率异常，反演结果中光学厚度与有效粒子半径的负相关关系，高估或低估现象是成&簇&出现的等结论。

The squall line, including surface wind and squall line structure, is simulated well by the WRF model.

3WRF模式对这次飑线过程的主要特征模拟较好，包括地面风场和飑线的结构。

Based on the new generation weather radar data in Guilin, a severe squall line event ahead of a front occurred in Guangxi on 5, May 2005 is analyzed to study the evolution of the squall and its convective cell.

利用位于桂林的新一代天气雷达资料对2005年5月5日影响广西桂林的锋前强飑线过程进行了详细的分析。

According to short term monitoring data, it appears that the new cell echo before the radar echo is advantage for the development and maintenance of the squall line. And the initialization of new cell is associated with boundary-layer convergence line. As a result, mesonet data is useful fur to research on squall line.

从短时监测的资料分析，飑线发展过程中，雷达主回波前方的新生的回波单体对飑线发展和持续十分有利，而它的新生与边界层的辐合线相联系，因此，充分利用中尺度地面观测资料有助于飑线的发展研究。

In order to effectively forecast or forewarn squall lines and verify the effectiveness of the nowcasting system,a squall line occurring on 1 August 2006 in Beijing is analyzed by using conventional weather data,automatic weather station data,Doppler radar data,and the nowcasting system.

为了对飑线这类强天气作有效的预报、预警，同时对临近预报系统的预报效果作初步的检验，利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、多普勒雷达资料，结合临近预报系统分析了2006年8月1日北京地区飑线天气过程。

The severe storms on the squall line had large radar reflectivity and high tops of echoes. There was a divergence at lower level, a convergence at middle level, and a divergence at upper level in the velocity cross section of the squall. The VIL (Vertical Integrated Liquid water) of the storms increased rapidly to a large value, which is a good indictor of hailstorm. When the probability of severe hail is larger than 30% according to the hail index products, a hail storm is very likely to happen. The convergence line in the boundary can trigger and intensify convections.

结果表明：飑线是在有利的天气形势下发生的，飑线上强风暴的强度大、高度高；飑线速度剖面图中显示有低层辐散、中层辐合、高层辐散的特征；垂直累积液态水含量迅猛增加到比较大的数值对冰雹预报有很好的指示意义；在冰雹指数产品中以强冰雹概率大于30%作为冰雹预警门限则有较好的效果；边界层辐合线起到了触发对流和加强对流的作用。

Contemporary artificial rainfall is artificial rainfall basically is principle of basis nature rainfall, launch activator from the ground through the plane is spread or using tall artillery piece, rocket, wait like silver iodide, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, drop cloud layer temperature thereby, form supersaturation lunt; to perhaps condense to the boardcast sowing in the cloud layer that contains supersaturation lunt nucleus, increase the ice crystal amount in the cloud, increase the amount of drip-drop and diameter then, raise cloud precipitation change rate, achieve the goal that raises precipitation of bureau ground nature thereby.

二、现代的人工降雨人工降雨主要是依据自然降雨原理，通过飞机播撒或利用高炮、火箭从地面上发射催化剂，如碘化银、干冰、液氮等，从而降低云层温度，形成过饱和水汽；或者向含有过饱和水汽的云层中撒播凝聚核，增加云中的冰晶数量，进而增加雨滴的数量和直径，提高云降水的转化率，从而达到增加局地自然降水的目的。

It is presented that indirect assimilation experiment of CMW data from TCFM method improves effectively not only on vertical velocity field but for precipitation.4 Based on theory analysis, E-Ir relationship is brought forward with two electrification mechanisms. One is inductive mechanism, i.e., cloud particles collide with precipitation particles then flick away, the other is noninductive mechanism because of different temperature, i.e., bigger supercooled cloud particles collide and freeze with hail particles combined with ice scraps. By means of CINRAD and FY2C data assimilation, precipitation intensity Ir can be obtained, then electric field intensity E, discharge time and locations can be achieved with supposed threshold 300KV/m. Though it can not distinguish between IC (Intra-Cloud) lightning and CG (Cloud-to-Ground) lightning, results are still comparable to LLS observations.5 Example analysis shows that the relationship between precipitation data from AMS and CG data from LLS is not very clear.

同化实验对于台风眼区的螺旋形雨带贡献显著，说明TCFM云导风资料同化实验不仅有效调整了模式的垂直速度场，还对降水模拟有了明显改善。4通过理论分析，利用云粒子与极化降水粒子碰撞并弹离的感应起电机制和较大过冷云滴与雹粒碰冻并产生冰屑的温差起电机制下得到的E-Ir，由雷达、卫星遥感资料直接和间接同化模拟得到Ir，来反推E，了解雷暴云中闪电强度的平面分布，设置放电阈值为300KV/m，推算出放电的位置和首次发生闪电的时间。

The results showed that the mixed cloud and stratiform cloud were the main objective cloud,and the operation efficiency of stratiform cloud was the highest(80.5%).

结果表明：聊城市高炮、火箭人工增雨的作业以混合云和层状云为主要目标云系，层状云作业效率最高，可达80.5%。

In each kind of different cloud, its cloud drop size distribution isvarious, creates the cloud drop size uneven reason is in thesurrounding air the water vapor shift as well as cloud dropevaporating.

在各种不同的云内，其云滴大小的分布是各不相同的，造成云滴大小不均的原因就是周围空气中水汽的转移以及云滴的蒸发。

When this condition occurs, inbound replication with the source partner is stopped on the destination domain controller and event ID 2042 is logged in the Directory Services event log.

计算机密码学是研究计算机信息加密、解密及其变换的科学，是数学和计算机的交义学科，也是一门新兴的学科。

Instructions: click on the thumbnails to see a larger image, then use the left-right arrow keys to scroll through the slideshow.

使用说明：滑鼠点在小图上即可放大观赏。开启后键盘左右键可用来换照片。