查询词典 sovereignty

The most important theory question that rising nation-state had to face was sovereign rights. In 1577, French jurist Jean Bodin gave conceptual establishment of sovereignty.

荷兰法学家雨果·格老秀斯进一步把主权定义为其活动不受别种权力的限制和任意废止的最高权力，即主权是一种对内最高、对外独立的国家权利。

The Reformation triggered a religious war, and Bodin\'s idea of legitimacy was mixed without certain conclusion, the struggle of concept became a cause of war. Hobbes pondered thoroughly to the conflict and war, and launched in two aspects about the thought of "recht": on the one hand, he criticized vigorously some controversial religious doctrines and ideas of good that was labeled dark kingdom, only left the teaching of "Jesus is Christ" which could be acknowledged commonly, at the same time absorbed Bodin\'s concept of "sovereignty", constructed a mortal God in the world—Leviathan; On the other hand, in order to make this mortal God to lay in a stable foundation, Hobbes constructed natural rights theory.

新教改革引发了宗教战争，博丹的合法性主张是混杂而无定论的，观念之争因而成为战争的一个根源，霍布斯对冲突和战争以及法权秩序的变化进行了深入思考，从两个方面展开了关于法权秩序的主张：一方面他将一些引起争议的教义、善的观念贬斥为黑暗王国的东西，大力批判，而只留下争论各方都能够承认的"耶稣就是基督"这一共识性的教义，同时又吸收博丹的主权概念，构造出尘世的上帝——利维坦；另一方面，为了使这一人间上帝奠立于稳固的基础上，霍布斯用政治科学构造了自然权利理论。

This German theologian made a complete cancellation of catholic church from the secular system through the teaching of "sola gratia", the Church could not qualify as a legal unit, so could not seek secular interests, for the soul\'s salvation was dependent on the inner belief without the help of external church; Protestantism simultaneously initiated to question the legitimacy of old legal order, and the Lutheran criticism of the Catholic Church led to a significant change in the order.The third section discusses Bodin\'s theory of "sovereignty".

第二节阐释路德宗教改革对天主教会等级秩序的冲击，这位德国的神学家通过倡导"因信称义"而彻底取消了教会在世俗中的法权角色，教会没有资格成为一个法权单元，不能谋取世俗利益，因为灵魂的得救依赖的是内心的信仰，新的教会使无形的，不可能成为一个世俗机构；这种新教教义同时引发了对旧有的法权秩序合法性的质疑，这导致了旧秩序的重大转变。

To Boulainvilliers and Montesquieu, living in an age of absolute monarchy, the most striking characteristic of the Middle Ages was the parceling out of sovereignty among a host of petty princes, or even lords of villages.

首先，他追溯"封建"一词的来源，从中，善思的人们可以看到双重的性质：一是"封建"一词所包含的原始含义，但更了不起的是，他暗示了对这种原始含义的认识本身也基于特定的时代。而时代在变化，概念也在变化，历史概念变化的本身基于不同的回顾视角和视野。

It is the bounden duty of Chinese diplomacy to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and development interests and promote world peace and development.

中国的外交以维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，以促进世界的和平与发展为己任。

For, in the first place, it is agreed that if he did not bristle with vices, no more did he abound in virtues; and, in the second place, he enjoyed, not unrestricted power, but a sovereignty on like terms and equal dignity with Marcus, from whom he differed, however, as far as morals went, both in the laxity of his principles and the excessive licence of his life.

因为，首先，一般同意，他没有太多的恶习，不过他的德行也差不多；其次，他喜欢的不是无限制的权力，而是跟马尔库斯分享相似的权力和同等的尊严，虽然后者跟他完全不一样；然而，由于德行不够，他理性松弛，生活过度。

Partly, it is a simple matter of bristling at the perceived loss of sovereignty.

部分直接的原因在于认识到丧失主权后的怒不可遏。

China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division.

台湾是中国的一部分。

China boosting defense building-up is to meet the legitimate needs of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity.

中国始终走和平发展道路，奉行防御性的国防政策。中国加强国防建设是出于维护国家主权，安全和领土完整的正当需要。

They lacked the Calvinistic view of God's sovereignty over all of life and so preached what some call a "pietistic" Christianity, one that concentrates on my faith in God, my feelings, and my personal life, but has little to say about the transformation of all of society by God's word.

他们缺乏加尔文派所持「神之主权高于生活的一切」之观点，因此传讲某些人所称的「虔信派」基督教，专注在我对神的信心、我的感觉、及我的个人生活，但是很少提到神的话对整个社会的改造。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。