查询词典 social security

Through the comparative analysis between the functions of the government"s'role in establishing a social security system in Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and other countries and Chinese government"s absence from their duties in establishing rural social security, we know, under the socialist market economic conditions, the government should bear the basic responsibilities in establishing the rural social security system, just to build a basic framework of the rural social security system adapted to the level of economic development, to establish a rural social security management system, to bear national financial responsibility in establishing the rural social security and promote mufti—dimensionally raising funds, to establish a rural social security monitoring mechanism, to establish a rural social security law system, to create external environment of the rural social security system, and so on.

在英、美、德、日等国构建社会保障制度中政府职能的角色定位与我国农村社会保障政府缺位的比较分析中，我们得出，在社会主义市场经济条件下，构建农村社会保障体系中政府应承担的基本职责，即构建和经济发展水平相适应的农村社会保障制度的基本框架，建立健全农村社会保障管理体制，承担国家对农村社会保障的财政责任并推动多渠道筹集资金，建立健全农村社会保障的监管机制，推动农村社会保障的法律体系建设，创造农村社会保障制度建设的外部环境等等。在当前的条件下，我国政府应着手采取现实可行的具体措施来履行其职能、推进我国农村社会保障体系的建设。

But our country's present social security system actually has the hindrance function to the occupation mobility, the main performances are as follows: Two units social security system, the unequal tax revenue system in the social security, social security singleness in view of the impoverished social class, hardly carried and transferred characteristics of social security system , ignoring benefits protection of mobile staffs, lack of social security legislation , slow development of service system of social security ,lack of policies and measures on promoting regional motilities insocial security system.

但是，我国现行的社会保障制度却对职业流动有着一定的阻碍作用，主要表现为：二元的社会保障体系的存在，社会保障体系的便携性、可转移性较差，忽视流动职工的利益保护，社会保障立法的缺失，社会保障服务体系发展缓慢，社会保障中税收体系的不平等，针对贫困阶层的社会保障单一，社会保障体系缺少促进区域流动的政策与措施等方面。

Reform the goal with development to orient according to the social security system,social security fund is it should is it give consideration to social goal,economic goal,political goal to insist on to raise for,give consideration to the long—term goal and short—term goal, realiz.e combining fairly with efficiency;The social security fund must divide the responsibility border among government,unit,individual to raise rationally,define that govemment and function of the market divide the work;Social security fund is it must pay attention to macroscopical system way choose,is it pay attention to micro technical design and application of field to want too atthe same time to raise for;Social security fund is it should take different raising the way for,raising the way for to different social security project to raise for;Social security fund is it should distinguish regular financial need raising waying,principling of raising the way for etc.different from provisional financial need to raise for.

根据社会保障制度改革与发展的目标定位，社会保障基金筹集应当坚持兼顾社会目标、经济目标和政治目标，兼顾长期目标与短期目标，实现公平与效率相结合；社会保障基金筹集必须合理划分政府和单位、个人之间的责任边界，明确政府与市场的合理职能分工；社会保障基金筹集必须重视宏观制度方式选择，同时也要重视微观领域的技术设计与应用；社会保障基金筹集应针对不同的社会保障项目采取不同筹集方式、筹集途径；社会保障基金筹集应区分经常性资金需要和临时性资金需要采取不同的筹集方式、筹集途径等原则。

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

Currently it still exists many problems in Social Security System, such as incomplete legal institutions of social security, incapacious scope of security coverage, insufficient social security funds, disordered department functions and third sector's laggard development in social security system even though we have achieved obvious fruits in the reform of Social Security System, relatively increased the scale and level of social security too.

虽然我国社会保障体制改革取得了有目共睹的成绩，社会保障规模和水平也相对提高，然而我国的社会保障体制还存在着社会保障法律制度不完善；保障覆盖面狭小；社会保障资金不充足；部门职能混乱和社会保障第三部门发展缓慢等问题。

In this paper, the concept of network security and security structures of OSI and Internet is introduced, and various threats confronting the computer network are also discussed. Several kinds of network information security technologies, including firewall technology, virtual private network, intrusion detection system, data encryption technology, identity authentication and security protocol etc. are also examined. The security of internal network is the biggest problem in the construction of each network. The solution to this problem lies in setting up a firewall. The theory of a firewall and the approach to its actualization is studied. Intrusion detection system, an important part of the computer network security system, has gained extensive attention. IDS monitors the computer and network traffic for intrusion and suspicious activities. It not only detects the intrusion from the extranet hacker, but also the intranet users. The emergence of virtual private network paves the way for realizing secure connection of LAN quickly and at a relatively low cost. The concept, function, key techniques, including the tunnel technology, and the ways to realize VPN are expounded in this paper. Also introduced is the data encrypt network technology, which is called the soul of computer network security, such as digital digest, digital signature, digital certificate, digital encrypt arithmetic and so on. At the same time, the principle and the process of implementing network security by digital certificate and digital signature, the basic principle and characters of security protocols, and finally, three of the security protocols, concerning the security problems in network, IPsec, SLL and SET are analyzed in detail Computer network system should be a system of dynamic defence, both dynamic and static, passive as well as active, and even offensive, combined with management and technology.

本文系统地介绍了网络安全的概念、OSI及Internet的安全体系结构，并讨论了计算机网络面临的各种安全威胁；内部网络的安全问题是每个建网单位面临的最大问题，可以认为防火墙技术是解决网络安全的一个主要手段，本文研究了防火墙的原理及其实现手段；作为一种主动的防御措施，入侵检测系统作为网络系统安全的重要组成部分，得到了广泛的重视，TDS对计算机和网络资源上的恶意使用行为进行识别和响应，不仅检测来自外部的入侵行为，也监督内部用户的未授权活动；虚拟专用网技术的出现，为实现网络间的连接提供了快速安全但又相对便宜的手段，本文较深入的探讨了实现VPN的隧道技术，并对VPN的概念、功能、实现途径、基本构成、关键技术及发展前景等问题进行了全面论述；数据加密技术是网络安全核心技术之一，本文从数据加密算法、数字摘要、数字签名及数字证书等几方面简要介绍了数据加密技术，并分析用数字证书和数字签名实现网络安全的原理和过程；对安全协议的基本原理、主要特点进行了较为深入的研究，并就网络的安全性问题剖析了三种安全协议：IPsec协议、SLL协议和SET协议。

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

Results The source of the greatest subjective pressure of the HIV infected mostly came from the problem of economy. In regard to the total scores of social health, coping style and social support, statistical significant differences were found between the infected group and the control group and between the family-member group and the control group. The scores of social resources, social contact and social support of the HIV infected were positively associated with that of the use of social support. The scores of social role's activity and social adaptation of the HIV infected were positively associated with that of positive coping style. The scores of social role's activity, social adaptation, social resources and social contact of the infector's family-members were positively associated with that of family-member's subjective. support.

结果 1HIV感染者及其家属的主观最大压力来源大都是经济问题。2在社会健康各维度、应对方式以及支持总分上，感染组、家属组与对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义。3HIV感染者的支持利用度的得分与社会资源和社会接触的得分、社会支持的得分正相关，积极应对的得分与角色活动、社会适应的得分正相关。4HIV感染者家属的主观支持的得分与角色活动和社会适应的得分、社会资源和社会接触的得分正相关，文化程度与社会支持的得分正相关。

Our country'S traditional social security fund raises the mode,does not divide the nature of ensuring the proj ect,the accounting on a cash basis of implementation without exception,one that is with the reform of the social security system and social security system is sound,range and enlargement of scale of social security,single accounting on a cash basis already unbearable social security complicated request of situation.

我国传统的社会保障基金筹集模式，不分保障项目的性质，无一例外地实行现收现付制，随着社会保障制度的改革和社会保障体系的健全，社会保障的范围和规模的扩大，单一的现收现付制已难以应付社会保障复杂情况的要求。

By analysis of the financing"s status and existing programs, we can point out the necessity and feasibility of introduction the social security tax in China, and collection of social security tax is the best way to conclude the social security funds.By the comparition and analysis of other countries" style of social security tax, it can give more lessons; in the premise of Chinese actual situtiation , we point out the overall design about the principle, the style, system design, and matching police. It will give benefits to the perfection of social security system..

然后，又通过对世界各国的社会保障税模式进行比较和分柝，以资对我国社会保障税的开征提供可借鉴的经验，并在尊重我国实际情况的前提下，从社会保障税设计应遵循的原则、社会保障税模式的选择，税制要素设及其配套建设等方面提出了我国社会保障税的总体设计，以期对我国社会保障体系的完善有所裨益。

I want to be a big fish in a small pond.

我要做一条在小池塘里的大鱼。

While the software functioned well, we did not feel the same about their customer support!

虽然该软件运行良好，我们没有同样的感觉他们的客户支持！