查询词典 skill facet

Through analysis and discussion in the following chapters, four strategies are summarized for teachers' further reference.(1) The individualized physical education program－Through the plan with similar to IEP, teachers arrange physical activities properly for children with mental retardation.(2) Cognitive behavior modification－Through demonstration and guidance, students are able to change behaviors by modeling and correcting their cognitive patterns.(3) Task analysis approach－Teachers have to divide a particular movement skill into several individual sub-skills and then students would be able to master that specific skill by linking every well-practiced sub-skill.(4) Data processing mode－Students are motivated to learn with fun because the target skill has been analyzed into meaningful and organized procedures.

经过分析与探讨，本文提供四大体育教学策略供从事体育教学之教师参考：一、个别化体育计划——透过类似个别化教育计划（Individual Education Program， IEP）的计划，让教师先对智能障碍学童的需求与体育活动作适当的安排；二、认知行为改变技术——教师以示范、引导的方式，使智能障碍学童经由模仿，修正认知，让行为得以改变；三、工作分析法——教师先将动作技能分解成数个分项，智能障碍学童经充份练习每一分项，最后再将每个细部动作串联；四、讯息处理模式——透过教师引发学习动机，并将动作以有意义化与组织化的学习方式，让智能障碍学童从乐趣中学得动作技能。

The shoulder shows an anatomical miscorrelation of the sizes of its articulating partners: the humeral joint facet is three times as large as the glenoid facet.

肩膀显示它明确表达的伙伴的大小的一解剖miscorrelation：肩联合小平面是三倍大象glenoid 小平面。

Result: Different projection positions of X-ray can evaluate different thoracic small joints. Image diagnosis were space changes, the deflection of the spinous process of vertebral and hyperostosis osteosclerosis. soft tissue lesions near thoracic spinal facet almost was not evaluated. CT plain scan can evaluate every changes of thoracic spinal facet. Image diagnosis were articular process hypertrophy, osteophyte formation, articular surface hyperostosis osteosclerosis, space changes, joint capsule and ligament calcification.

结果：X线平片不同投照体位可以评价不同胸椎小关节，表现为间隙改变、椎棘突偏斜及增生硬化，对胸椎小关节软组织病变基本无法评价；CT平扫对各胸椎小关节改变均可评价，表现为关节突肥大，骨赘样增生，关节面硬化，关节间隙改变，关节囊及韧带钙化。

In more recent studies by Masharawi et al.46 andPunjabi et al.,47 the investigators found that the upper lumbar facet joints (T12–L2) were oriented closer to the midsagittal plane of the vertebral body (mean range,26°–34°), whereas the lower facet joints tended to be oriented away from that plane (40°–56°).

近期， Masharawi 和 Punjabi 等人的研究发现，上位小关节（ T12–L2）的趋向更接近椎体的正中矢状面（平均角度26°–34°），而低位腰椎小关节的趋向远离正中矢状面(40°–56°)。

It's found that the (001) facet is the growth facet when the NBW crystal is grown by the Bridgman method through spontaneously crystallization. This phenomenon is in accordance with the growth characteristic of the typical scheelite crystals, and can be well explained by the Bravais law and the theory of anion coordination polyhedron.

指出坩埚下降法自发成核NBW晶体生长的生长面为（001）面，这与白钨矿结构晶体（001）面生长快的特点是完全符合的，Bravais法则和负离子配位多面体生长基元理论都能够很好地解释这一现象。

They found that the joint moments measured at any given motion increased with greater magnitudes of joint displacement, and were significantly larger in the two most caudad facet joints (L4 L5 and L5 S1).62 With lateral bending, strains of the joint capsule tended to be larger in magnitude in the three most caudad joints(L3 S1) during contralateral flexion (i.e., the left facet joints are most strained during right lateral flexion),whereas the two most cephalad joints (L1 L2 and L2 L3)bore the greatest strain during bending to the ipsilateral side.

当向对侧弯曲时侧弯时最尾端(L3 S1)的三个椎体的小关节囊的拉伸强度增大（例如右侧屈曲时左侧小关节达到最大的应力）。而头端的两个关节(L1 L2 和L2 L3)在向同侧屈曲运动时拉伸力量最大。

These include inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis,99 101 synovial impingement,meniscoid entrapment, chondromalacia facetae, pseudogout,synovial inflammation, villonodular synovitis, and acute and chronic infection.102 106 Intrafacetal synovial cysts can be a source of pain because of distension and pressure on adjacent pain-generating structures, calcification,and asymmetrical facet hypertrophy.107 110 In a retrospective review of MRI scans in 303 consecutive patients with LBP, Doyle and Merrilees111 found that9.5% had facet joint synovial cysts, the large majority of which were located posteriorly.

包括炎症性关节炎如类风湿性关节炎，强直性脊柱炎及反应性关节炎等，还有滑液撞击，关节软骨版卡压，关节面软骨软化，假性痛风，滑液炎症，绒毛结节性滑膜炎和急慢性感染。小关节内滑囊囊肿可由于拉伸和压缩临近的疼痛发生结构，骨化及不对称关节增生等原因引起疼痛。在一项303例连续患者的MRI研究中，Doyle 和 Merrilees发现其中9.5%存在小关节囊肿，大部分发生于关节囊后部。

In another cadaveric study, Adams and Hutton58found that the lumbar facet joints resist approximately16% of the intervertebral compressive force when standing erect versus near 0% when sitting, which helps explain the high intra discal pressures during unsupported sitting.59 Finally, after conducting in vitro experiments measuring induced loads on cadaveric lumbar facets, Lorenz et al.60 concluded that with increasing compressive loads, the absolute facet loads increases only slightly, so that the proportion of the axial burden borne by the l-z joints actually decreases with increasing stress.

另一项尸体标本的研究中，Adam和Hutton发现，当直立站立时，小关节承担了逐渐压力的近16%，而坐位时进0%，这解释了为什么在无支持的坐位时椎间的压力非常高。最后，Lorenz在尸体标本加载负荷后测量小关节的应力后，认为增加压力负荷时，小关节间的应力仅轻微增加，因此在轴向负荷中，小关节承担的比例实际随着应力的增加而减少。

As true synovial joints,each facet joint contains a distinct joint space capable of accommodating between 1 and 1.5 ml of fluid, a synovial membrane, hyaline cartilage surfaces, and a fibrous capsule.21 The fibrous capsule of the lumbar facet joint is approximately 1 mm thick and composed mostly of collagenous tissue arranged in a more or less transversefashion to provide maximum resistance to flexion.22,23The joint capsule is thick posteriorly, supported by fibers arising from the multifidus muscle.

作为真正的滑膜关节，每个小关节包含明显的关节间隙，容纳1到1.5ml关节液。小关节由滑膜，透明软骨表面，和纤维囊组成。纤维囊厚约1mm，大部分有白色纤维组成，横向排列，以在屈曲时提供最大的张力。囊的后部很厚，纤维来源与多裂肌。

Histologic studies have demonstrated that the lumbar facet joints are richly innervated with encapsulated (Ruffini-type endings, pacinian corpuscles), unencapsulated, and free nerve endings.5 The presence of low-threshold, rapidly adapting mechanosensitive neurons suggests that in addition to transmitting nociceptive information, the l-z facet capsule also serves a proprioceptive function.

低阈值，快适应型动力敏感神经元表明，l-z关节囊不仅传导伤害性信号，还起到本体感受器的作用。

Sodium citrate; calcium carbonate; calcium hydroxide; potassium bicorbonate; magnesium carbonate; ferrous sulphate; Zinc sulphate; copper sulphate; manganese sulphate; potassium iodide; sodium selenite.

柠檬酸钠；碳酸钙；氢氧化钙；碳酸氢钾；碳酸镁；硫酸亚铁；硫酸锌；硫酸铜；硫酸锰；碘化钾；亚硒酸钠。

All this to say that I'm glad filmmaking hasn't become completely ironic. I can enjoy an ironic film as much as the next person, but they usually involve a message of some sort. One that's delivered in a smirkingly clever way that requires little in the way of talent.

所有这些都是说，我很高兴电影制作没有变成完全讽刺艺术，我可以和下一个人一样享受讽刺电影的乐趣，虽然他们经常会被划归到一定级别，技术方面不需要很高的才能。