查询词典 sampling methods

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

In this paper, three methods for color image retrieval have been presented: hypercomplex SVD image retrieval, combination of hypercomplex convolution filter and hypercomplex SVD image retrieval and hypercomplex matrix correlation image retrieval. We made comparison among these hypercomplex-methods, and compared them with the traditional image retrieval methods. Experiment results showed that the hypercomplex-methods we presented in this paper could well conquer the problems existed in traditional image retrieval methods, and their retrieval results are much better. Meanwhile, this paper presented a new color image quality assessment based on hypercomplex SVD. It is a novel color image quality assessment that can be used as a graphical or a scalar measure to predict the distortion introduced by a wide range of noise sources. It reliably measures the distortion not only within a distortion type at different distortion levels, but also across different distortion types.

提出了超复数奇异值分解检索法，超复数卷积滤波与超复数奇异值分解相结合的检索法以及超复数矩阵相关检索法等三种超复数彩色图像检索方法，在对提出的三种算法进行比较的同时也将其与传统图像检索方法进行了比较，结果证明，超复数彩色图像检索法能较好地克服传统图像检索方法存在的问题，且检索结果更优；同时，本文提出了基于超复数奇异值分解的彩色图像质量客观评估法，这种全新的图形化与数值化相结合的方法不仅能够准确评估出彩色图像的不同失真等级，还能够区分不同的失真类型，从真正意义上实现了彩色图像的质量评估。

The thinking of this method as follows:Firstly,using single evaluation methods to evaluate.If the evaluation results aren\'t same,the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is used to calculate the correlation among the results of single evaluation methods.Based on the results,the traditional combined evaluation methods are used to combine the results of the single evaluation method.If the results of the upper combined methods are not same. Here the combined method evaluation indexes,such as Spearman rank correlation coefficient,correlation degree,the max deviation,average deviation,are used to evaluate the upper four combined evaluation methods.The entropy method is used to calculate the weights,and then get the final evaluation result.

首先，采用单一综合评价方法进行评价，对于不一致的评价结果，通过Spearman等级相关系数验证各单一评价方法间是否具有相关性；(来源：4dbdABbbC论文网www.abclunwen.com)对存在相关性的单一评价方法采用组合评价法对其结果进行组合，若所得评价结果仍不一致，采用Spearman等级相关系数、关联度、最大偏差、平均偏差对组合评价方法的组合效果进行评价，最后运用熵权法对上述组合评价进一步组合得到最终评价结果。

Distribution free statistical procedures or methods valid under nonrestrictive assumptions: basic tools; counting methods; order statistics, ranks; distribution free tests and associated interval and point estimators; sign test; signed rank tests; rank tests; Mann Whitney Wilcoxon procedures; Kolmogorov Smirnov tests; permutation methods; methods for discrete data with zeros and ties; computer techniques and programs; discussion and comparison with parametric methods.

非参数统计引论：无限制性假定时的无分布统计方法：基本工具，计数法，顺序统计量，秩，无分布检验与关联的区间估计和点估计，符号检验，符号秩检验，秩检验， Mann Whitney Wilcoxon 检验； Kolmogorov Smirnov 检验，排列检验法，含有零值和同分值的离散数据的处理方法；计算技术与编程，与参数方法的比较。

The phylogeny and applied prospect of MES are summarized in the paper. The principle of this system is analyzed from the point of view of acoustics. The surveying and filtering technology of auxiliary parameters, sounding data and the theory of image form, backscatter strength data processing, are researched deeply in the paper. The optimal model of velocity of sound is given. For sound ray tracing, some methods of correction of sound ray curve are developed. At the same time, an ideal model of sound ray tracing is proved and given. The GPS technology is applied for the determination of tide, attitude of vessel. Moreover, some methods are given. As an important topic, the systematic error is discussed in the paper. Some filtering methods are researched in this paper. Based on the current methods of image processing, the procedure and methods are tested and given that adapt to sonar image processing.

本文研究的工作是在总结多波束声纳测深系统的发展历史、应用前景的基础上，从声学角度分析了多波束系统的工作原理；对多波束辅助参数的测定和滤波方法、测深数据的滤波方法、多波束声纳图像的形成机理、图像处理以及最终应用等作了比较深入的研究；得出了适合于多波束精密深度计算的最优声速模型和声线改正模型；提出了 GPS 载波相位定位技术用于多波束辅助参数测量的思想、算法，改善了多波束系统的作业模式；系统地分析了深度数据的误差来源和类型，首次将系统误差作为影响测深精度的主要因素给以研究，并给出了削弱系统误差的方法，提高了深度数据的质量；对多波束声纳图像的形成、处理方法进行了细致的研究，给出了适合多波束图像处理的算法和流程，并从理论和实践上对声纳图像的应用进行了比较全面的研究。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

Methods Stratified random and cluster sampling methods were employed in this study.

正确使用安全、可靠的避孕方法是降低意外妊娠的关键。

Under the higher-dimensional situation, it introduces mainly the multiple integrals formulas on some standard areas, the multiple integrals formula by the methods of sampling, the reduction of dimensions and the boundary type cubature with a certain algebraic precision, and calculate multiple integrals with the methods of number theoretical net and so on.

在高维情形下，主要介绍了一些标准区域上的多重积分公式，用抽样法来求多重积分，具有代数精度的降维展开式和边界型求积公式，以及用数论网格的方法来计算高维积分等。

METHODS: A total of 1 536 people in rural areas of shaanxi were studied by cluster random sampling methods. All particants were checked by slit lamp, and the people who were more than 50 years old carried out the standard examination by internal criteria. Then they were examined by LOCS Ⅲ in mydriatic situation when there were no contraindication.

遵循按比例、随机、整群抽样的原则对陕西省洋县 1 536人进行白内障患病率的横断面调查，所有受检人员均采用裂隙灯检查晶状体，年龄≥50岁的人，先在小瞳孔下按照国内诊断标准进行检查，如无禁忌再充分散瞳后，按LOCSⅢ标准进行检查。

Methods 790 people live in community and old people's home over 50 years old were under investigation using random sampling methods.

随机抽取790名社区和敬老院50岁及以上中老年人进行抑郁症状及相关影响因素的问卷调查。

Pachomius manual labour was organized as an essential part of the monastic life; and since it is a principle of the monks as distinguished from the mendicants, that the body shall be self-supporting, external work of one sort or another has been an inevitable part of the life ever since.

根据圣pachomius体力劳动组织作为一个重要组成部分寺院生活；以来，这是一个原则的和尚，作为有别于乞丐，该机构应自支撑，对外工作的这种或那种已一个必然的一部分，生活至今。

In order to study the effects of parametrical rolling on the ship movement and tilts, in allusion to ship's navigating in regular following waves, the equation of ship rolling motion is transformed into normal Mathieu equation by proper variable replacement when strong parametrical excitation in restoring moment varied according to sine or cosine wave.

为研究参数横摇对船舶运动和倾覆的影响，通过对船在规则波上随浪航行时，恢复力矩中出现的1个以正余弦规律变化的强参数激励项进行适当的变量置换，将船舶的横摇运动方程转换成标准形式的Mathieu方程。