查询词典 reverse characters

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

In studying work : Using the six categories of Chinese characters which are " the pictographic characters, intentioned characters, associative compounds characters, pictophonetic characters, borrowing characters, phonetic loan characters." Each word of the scriptures, which conducted a preliminary analysis. some of the more complicated characters,we use the "characters combination" and the "language of words" to sum up the two concepts. Meanwhile, the classification of some difficult words also made a personal perspective.

研究方面的工作：采用"象形、指事、会意、形声、借形、假借"六书，对经文中出现的每个字都进行了初步分析，对于一些较为繁复的字形，提出了"字组"和"语段文字"两个概念加以归纳，同时对一些疑难字词的归类也提出了个人的观点。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

In studying work : Using the six categories of Chinese characters which are " the pictographic characters, intentioned characters, associative compounds characters, pictophonetic characters, borrowing characters, phonetic loan characters." Each word of the scriptures, which conducted a preliminary analysis. some of the more complicated characters,we use the "characters combination" and the "language of words" to sum up the two concepts. Meanwhile, the classification of some difficult words also made a personal perspective.

研究方面的工作：采用&象形、指事、会意、形声、借形、假借&六书，对经文中出现的每个字都进行了初步分析，对于一些较为繁复的字形，提出了&字组&和&语段文字&两个概念加以归纳，同时对一些疑难字词的归类也提出了个人的观点。

Some relative characters of reverse micro emulsions of reacting substance/AOT/iso-octane were studied. The phase graphs of the reverse micro emulsions at different temperatures were drawn. And the charts of relationship between conductivity of the reverse micro emulsions and the solubility of H2O or the solution of RDX in them were also done. On the base of them as well as characters and rules of preparation of nanometer materials by the method of micro emulsions, the best conditions were found in the preparation of the reverse micro emulsions.

论文摘要本文首先对反应物/AOT/异辛烷微乳液体系进行了研究，得出了该体系在不同温度下的相图和微乳液体系电导率与反应物的增溶量之间关系图，结合纳米材料微乳液制法的原则和特点，确定了微乳液配制的最佳条件。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

An embodiment of the invention discloses a reverse power control method of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access system including: calculating decision threshold values of each adjacent subdistrict according to the current reverse traffic channel gain of an access terminal, channel differences between each adjacent subdistrict and the resources distributed by the access terminal; and adjusting the reverse traffic channel gain value of the access terminal according to the decision threshold values of each adjacent subdistrict and using the adjusted reverse traffic channel gain values to determine the transmit power of the reverse traffic channel.

本发明实施例公开了一种正交频分复用多址系统中的反向功率控制方法，包括：根据接入终端的当前反向业务信道增益、各个相邻小区的信道差异以及接入终端所分配的资源情况计算各个相邻小区的判决门限值；根据所述各个相邻小区的判决门限值调整接入终端的反向业务信道增益值，并且利用所调整的反向业务信道增益值决定反向业务信道发射功率。

They (1) describe the same thitlgs, behaviors or conditions opposite or contrary to the spatial direction as the original characters describe;(2) describe the images reverse to which the original characters describe;(3) give meanings completely opposite to those of original characters;(4) are used to distinguish similar but different things with the original characters;(5) give new meanings which are spread out from those of original characters;(6) expand more abstract meanings.

其意义大致有以下几种类型：（1描绘与原字所指事物、行为或状态在空间方向上呈相反或相背关系的同类事物、行为或状态；(2)与原字分别描绘同一事物的正反两面形象；(3)新字义是对原字义的完全否定；(4)新字与原字用以区别形象相似的两种不同事物；新字的意义由原字意义顺衍而来；(6)引申出较为抽象的含义。

It incorporated the advantages of separately baghouse reverse blow and reverse pulse-jet of air and so on, overcame the low intensity of separately baghouse reverse blow, and simultaneous operating of reverse blow and filtrate at a time.

它集分室反吹和脉冲喷吹等诸类除尘器的优点，克服了分室反吹清灰强度不够，脉冲喷吹清灰和过滤同时进行的特点，因而扩大了袋收尘器的应用范围，提高了收尘效率，延长履带使用寿命。

A method for realizing special-line user mechanism at reverse direction in communication system includes confirming end object packet length of reverse special-line user, confirming TxT2Pmin and TxT2Pmax value-taken scope of emission service channel energy to pilot frequency channel power grain TxT2P, setting allowable packet length of data packet being send currently to be not less than confirmed packet length and setting reverse packet as per allowable packet length then transmitting set reverse packet according to set TxT2Pmin and TxT2Pmax.

本发明公开了一种通讯系统中在反向实现专线用户机制的方法，该方法包括：A、确定反向专线用户的终止目标包长；B、确定发射的业务信道能量相对导频信道的功率增益TxT2P的最小值(TxT2Pmin)和最大值(TxT2Pmax)的取值范围；将TxT2Pmin和TxT2Pmax设置在所述取值范围内；C、将当前所发送数据包的允许包长设置为大于等于步骤A所确定的包长，按照所述允许包长组反向包；D、按照所设置的TxT2Pmin、TxT2Pmax发送所组的反向包。

A backer of an Afghan law that critics say legalizes marital rape has rejected the international outcry as foreign meddling.

饱受批评的一项法律的拥护者说合法化的婚内暴力不会受国际舆论的干涉。

Years ago, a ancient Egyptian fleet went to the Land of punt for seeking a kind of flavor named "myrrh", and aromatic plants which has dense exotic style for the queen Hatshepsut.

3500年前的一个古埃及的舰队到&彭特之地&寻找一种叫没药的香料。