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A method to estimate the minimal sample size required for marker-assisted backcross breeding when both foreground selection and background selection are conducted is proposed.

该文提出了一种估算在标记辅助回交育种中同时进行前景选择和背景选择所需群体大小的方法。

A method to estimate the minimal sample size required for marker-assisted backcross breeding when both forground selection and background selection and background selection are conducted is proposed.

该文提出了一种估算在标记辅助回交育种中同时进行前景选择和背景选择所需群体大小的方法。

All of this new hardware also required additional software and operating system upgrades on the backend.

所有这些新硬件都需要进行额外的后端软件和操作系统升级。

Annual inspection is required of the strainer and the backflow preventer to insure proper operation of the device.

要求对过滤器和防回流阀进行年度检查，以确保装置的性能正常。

In addition, a function for counting the parameters of the background noise is required on the transmitting side.

此外，要求传输的一方具备计算背景噪音参数的功能。

An improved derivative estimation algorithm with a low-pass filter that can suppress the influence of high-frequency noise is suggested to remove potential drawbacks of the backward difference that was applied in neural network inversion dynamic compensation method, such as large estimation error in the presence of noise and price increase of hardware realization when high estimation accuracy is required.

针对神经网络逆动态补偿策略中基于向后差分的微分估计算法在噪声环境下存在较大的微分估计误差，且提高估计精度会增加硬件成本等缺陷，提出了改进的微分估计算法，并以加速度传感器为例，设计了动态补偿实验装置，给出了基于改进的微分估计算法的动态补偿算法的实现步骤。

Urine culture is not required for the initial treatment of a symptomatic lower UTI with pyuria or bacteriuria, or both level of evidence,.

对症状的轻的UTI伴有浓尿或菌尿的最初的治疗尿培养没有必要。{证据级别， A

A bailer or manual water pump is not required for any multi-hull vessel that has subdivided multiple-sealed hull construction.

水斗和水泵对于多船体或者多舱的船不是必须的！

ABSTRACT With the development of aeromotor technology, higher and more strict speed performance of ball bearing is required.

随着航空发动机技术的发展，对滚动轴承的速度特性要求越来越高。

It's often required to exame the type and date of writing ink in the documents relate to criminal,economical or civil cases. So the identity of ball-pen ink is very importante for forensic science.

在法庭科学中，许多刑事、经济案件及民事纠纷中经常涉及到其种类鉴别和书写时间的鉴定，所以圆珠笔油墨的鉴定是倍受关注的。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。