查询词典 refraction

The reflection coefficient and refraction coefficient are also given; the analysis shows the versatility of the principle of least action ,Snell s law and Fresnell s law in the research on the left-handed material,and the negative refraction effect is explained.

研究了电磁波在左右手介质界面折射与反射的特性，给出了折射系数和反射系数，从另外一个方面探讨了最小作用量原理在左手材料中的适用性；从电动力学和最小作用量原理证明了Snell定律，验证了Snell定律在左手材料中的适用性，并且得到Fresnell公式在左右手材料中的一致性。

Objective To study the changes in refraction following surgery on the extraocular muscles and how do the different operation procedures affect refraction.

目的 了解斜视术后眼球屈光状态的动态变化及不同术式对屈光状态的影响，并对其发生机理进行初步探讨。

As comparing the equation of Gaussian beam in logarithmically storable nonlinear media with one of ordinary optical field in graded-refraction-index media,it's found that a graded-refraction-index will be induced itself when Gaussian beam passes through logarithmically saturable nonlinear media.

光学孤子的产生机理是光与物质之间的相互作用，当介质的非线性效应与光束的衍射效应相互平衡时，光束发生自陷，使得光束能够在空间传输很长一段距离，其横向尺寸不发生变化。

Methods 23 cases with muscular asthenopia caused by exophona were included in our study. After examination of refraction, phoria, AC/A and fusion function, all cases were given prism correction and fusion training based on refraction correction.

对23例外隐斜导致肌性视力疲劳的患者进行屈光、隐斜、AC/A、融合功能检查后，在屈光矫正基础上应用压贴三棱镜矫正和融合功能训练。

When the viewpoint is changing quickly, the rendering algorithm ignores some details of the diffuse component, otherwise the scene is rendered more precisely. The Specula highlight is dependent of the viewpoint, it must be processed in real time. We present an algorithm to get rid of the area that does not contain specula highlight quickly and calculate only the area that contains the specula highlight. In order to calculate the specula reflection and refraction component, we presented a new raytracing algorithm based on the environment map transformation. The environment maps are constructed at the sample points of the scene in the preprocessing phase. We add depth information in the environment maps and generate the exact reflection and refraction intensity with the transformation of a few pixels.

对于表面光亮度漫射分量，由于它与视点无关，可以把面片按照光照细节的分布预剖分成层次结构，然后在实时漫游时根据场景变化的快慢决定绘制的细致程度；对于镜面高光分量，由于它与视点有关，必须实时处理，我们提出了一种快速高光裁剪算法，通过简单测试，去除那些不包含高光的区域，只处理包含高光的区域；对于镜面反射分量和折射分量，我们提出了一种基于环境映照变换的快速光线跟踪算法，预先在场景的离散采样点处建立环境映照，然后根据入射点的位置，把邻近采样点处的环境映照上相关象素处的可见点变换过来，求取反射分量和折射分量。

Refraction screen printing requirements for operators on high-quality network plate, squeege hardness, angle and pressure, as well as the performance of UV refraction ink, a sense of how to be able to appear in a production process with the various problems to take similar measures.

折光网印要求操作人员对高质量网版的制作、刮板的硬度、角度和压力，以及UV折光油墨的性能等都要有所了解，以便能够针对生产过程中出现的各种问题采取相应的对策。

The results are verified from deep to extremely shallow water conditions. The shoaling waves, standing waves, 3D disturbance waves, tidal waves and solitude waves are simulated and verified,and waves over an underwater bar,the diffraction near single breakwater, breakwater gap, offshore breakwater, Breakhoff experiment are taken into account in this model. Furthermore, the wave harbor resonance under special topography, and "Bragg" resonance are simulated. The wave refraction problem under current fields,the nonlinear wave refraction-diffraction under "Arthur" current field, and the wave propagation under slowly varying current field are studied. The favorable calibrations show the model's feasibility in dealing with the wave nonlinearity and simulation in both deep and shallow water.

论文对深水至极浅水非线性波进行了较全面的验证，计算模拟了波浪浅化、立波、三维干涉波、潮波、孤立波以及波浪越过潜堤、单突堤绕射、双突堤绕射、岛式堤、Berkhoff实验和多连通水域波浪传播等问题，还对特殊地形条件下波浪发生港湾共振、布拉格共振进行了仿真；论文研究了水流中波浪传播折射变形问题，Arthur流场上非线性折射-绕射、水位缓变的转向潮流中波浪传播等缓变水流中波浪问题，各类问题的较好解决验证和表明了本文模式与方法具有适用于深浅水的可计算性与非线性。

Based on the same atmosphere refraction coefficient of toward and return surveying, simultaneous subtending surveying data are used to inverse atmosphere refraction coefficient of the whole day, and to correct real-time surveying data, which helps to increase surveying efficiency and reliability.

以往返测大气折光系数相同为前提，利用这种同时对向观测高差数据反算统计出一天各时刻的大气折光系数均值，对实时的监测数据进行改正，提高了测量速度与可靠性。

At high powers the nonlinear part of the index of refraction becomes important and causes a higher index of refraction in the center of the laser beam where the laser is brighter than at the edges causing a feedback that focuses the laser even more.

在高权力，非线性部分的折射率变得很重要的原因和较高的折射率为中心的激光束，在激光亮度比是在边缘，造成了反馈，重点激光甚至更多。

The main properties of one-dimensional photonic band gap structures that include layers of negative refraction material are analyzed from the explicit dispersion equation. The results show that the photonic crystals containing negative refraction materials have wider photonic band gaps which is different from the case of traditional photonic crystals with narrow transmission bands when the two layers have the same optical thickness.

从色散关系出发，通过数值模拟计算研究了由正折射率材料和负折射率材料交替组成的一维光子晶体的能带结构与光子晶体的结构参数之间的关系。

Connectors are lines that can be anchored to particular places, called glue points , on the graphic object.

连接符，可固定在图形对象的特定的地方的线条。

Another way of putting it, too many agents have a say in each other's work, and bureaucratic rigor mortis sets in.

另一种表达是，太多的作用物在彼此的工作里都有话语权，官僚的僵尸开始抬头。