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The features of this dissertation are lie in: a The concept of"Influence Distance"was presented to quantitatively express"corner effect", systematicly studied on the influence of all factors on"influence distance". It could provide reference to angle designing from the view of heat treatment; b Deeply studied on the influence of shape factor to carbon concentration field. It could provide reference to gear designing from the view of heat treatment; c New model was set up to describe the two-dimensional concentration field of carbide dispersion carburizing. The shortcomings of"effective diffusion constant method"and"equilibrium constant method"were overcome in this model.

本文的特色在于：①提出了用"尖角影响距离"定量描述"尖角效应"的方法，并系统研究了各种因素对"尖角影响距离"的影响规律，从热处理角度为工件尖角部位的设计提供依据；②首次深入研究了齿轮的各种形状因素对浓度场的影响，从热处理角度为齿轮设计提供依据；③建立了能够更有效地模拟过饱和渗碳浓度场的数学模型，该模型克服了"有效扩散系数法"及"平衡常数法"的不足，与"最小自由能法"可互为补充。

It is necessary to establish a reference database with the consideration on myopia diopter and sex, and set a more reasonable reference plane to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

需建立适用于不同近视性屈光度及性别的数据库，设定更适应视乳头形状变化的参考平面，进一步提高检测的有效性。

Results The behavioral features of the aged learning and memory impaired rats were as follow: 1 There was little change happened to the sample performance. 2 The spatial reference memory had obviously declined. The swimming times of searching the hidden platform in the place discrimination performance, the swimming time in a 40cm annulus at the primary platform place (A40T) and the platform crossings in the probe trial performance were the most suitable indexes for mirroring the spatial reference memory abilities. 3 The spatial working memory had not decreased so clearly.

结果 老年学习记忆损害大鼠的行为学改变特征为：1简单学习记忆任务的学习能力没有明显变化。2空间参考记忆能力明显减退，寻找平台所用的游泳时间，40cm环内游泳时间(A40T)和平台跨越次数是反映老年学习记忆害大鼠空间参考记忆能力的理想指标。3空间工作记忆能力减退不明显。

The second one is a method based on Independent Component Analysis with reference signal. Unlike the former, this method can separate the estimating value of the watermark signal separately by using the information provided by the reference signal, so the computing complexity of the first method can be greatly decreased, at the same time, the shortcomings of the ICA based method, such as disorderliness and randomicity can be overcome.

第二种方法以带参考信号的独立分量分析算法为基础，通过参考信号提供的信息直接提取所需要的水印信号估计值，克服了ICA算法在分离各路源信号时所具有的无序性和任意性的缺点，降低了第一种方法的运算复杂度。

Above the horse is an electric light bulb, a reference to bombs, and perhaps a negative reference to technology.

马的上方是一个电灯泡，隐射造成这场灾难的炸弹，也可能暗示科技带来的负面作用。

The security, implement and upper management of the plan are used for reference for the electronic charge system for traffic security and the policy of controlling cars?number, and for the ingenuity dispose of space, and the protection and renewal of city afford us use for reference to build the Chinese city.

规划的保障、实施及后期管理、为保障交通采用的电子收费系统及抑制小汽车数量发展政策，对于空间的巧妙处理、以及城市的保护与更新为我们建设中国的城市提供了借鉴。

What are the characteristics of the use of the different ways to express future time reference used by CEL? Is there any difference between CEL and ENS in the expression of future time reference? If yes, what is it? And what causes the difference?

本论文是一项基于语料库的研究，研究主要回答的问题是中国英语学习者是如何表达有关将来时间的事件及状态的，有哪些不同的表达方式，及这些不同的表达方式各自的特点是什么。

The reference heights for temperature , wind , and specific humidity are set equal to reference height

温度参考高度、风速参考高度和湿度参考高度相等，都为参考高度

In the same time, the study also provided a methodological reference for the medical monitoring of sports training and the evaluation of cardiopulmonary functions, and pilled up the valuable reference data.

同时，也为运动训练的医务监督和心肺机能评定提供了方法学上的参考，积累了有价值的数据。

A list of the new solution is created by inserting properties of a guide solution into an initiate solution. The list is used to update reference set in order to evolute the solution. The solution update method of the reference set with diversification detection and decentralization mutation strategy is proposed in the path relinking algorithm.

路径重连算法维护一个由高质量解组成的参考解集，将一个向导精英解的属性逐步引入一个起始精英解而形成的中间解序列，并用此中间解序列更新参考解集以获得进化。

The role of the environment is very important.

的作用，环境是非常重要的。

At that time, the High Court of England and Wales Court of Queen's Bench president of William Murray, Lord Mansfield in June 22, 1772 ruling:"No matter then there is the inconvenience, but there must be a decision, I can not say that this case under the law in England are permitted or authorized; are so black should be released."

当时的英格兰及威尔士高等法院王座法庭院长William Murray， Lord Mansfield于1772年6月22日宣判：「无论有那麽不便，但总要有个决定，我不能说这件案在英格兰法律之下是准许或认可；所以黑人是应该被释放。