查询词典 process cost

There are some main conclusions of the article. 1.Enterprise inclines to decision-making according to its profit, so constituting and anglicizing green institutions from the view of enterprise will advantage their microcosmic base, then can improve their adaptive abilities and green effects. 2.Government has powers and some potential advantages, but it inheres of some defects, so it should not become the principle parter but the urger, waiter and superintendent of the green transition process. 3.According to social cost and the situation of the social environment, we should adopt a gradual transition stratagem on the whole in the process. 4.We can classify the enterprise green transition into three kinds by the dominant factor in the push-drag-model, push-dominant mode, drag-dominant mode and friction-tight state. Different green policies should giveto different transition mode in odor to getting a good green effect. 5.The costs of enterprise have three levels by the point of view of sustainable development, apparent cost in generation, dormant cost in generation and intergenerational cost. The priority of green system should adjust to the level to which the benefits of the enterprise amount.

本文得出的主要结论有：1、企业具有相机决策的倾向，从企业的角度分析和制定绿色制度可以使政策具有较强的微观基础，进而可以提高它的适应性和绿色效果。2、政府具有暴力潜能，也具有固有的不足，在绿色制度变迁的过程中应该且只能是倡导者、服务者、监督与维护者，而不是主体参与者。3、综合考虑社会成本与社会环境，渐进式的总体推进模式是我国目前较为现实的选择。4、本文建立了企业绿色变迁推拉模型，并根据促使企业绿色转变的主导因素的不同，将企业绿色变迁的模式分为拉力主导型、推力主导型与摩擦状态三种类型，不同的类型应采取不同的绿色政策才能收到良好的绿色效果。5、从可持续发展的角度可以将企业的生产成本分为代内隐性成本、代内显性成本和代际成本三个层次，对于收益处于不同层次的企业，绿色制度的侧重点应有所不同。6、根据企业与政府在绿色制度变迁过程中所起的作用的不同可以将绿色制度变迁分为强制供给型、政府导向型、需求诱导型三种模式。

This paper presents a notion of airplane-flight pairing assignment cost as the evaluating index, and analyzes three compositions of the costs: flight direct operation cost, flight spill cost and amercement cost, then, educes flight direct operation costaccording to the cost theory lodged by the Air Transportation Association wor.

本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标，分析该成本的三个组成：航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本，并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本，构造旅客溢出的概率模型，引入罚成本的相关系数。

Then, I define the concept and composition of financing cost and capital cost, 1 suggest that financing cost is the contract cost of financing, which consists of capital cost and financing fees.

继而，通过对筹资契约签定过程中各种冲突、投资者承受风险的分析，界定了筹资成本和资本成本的概念和构成，认为筹资成本就是筹资契约成本，由资本成本和筹资费用两部分组成。

This study examines the effects of allocative distortions on returns to density and input demand in domestic airlines during 1989-1997 by using a non-minimum cost function from the cost efficiency point of view. We generalize a globally concave and flexible cost function by using the symmetric generalized McFadden cost function to accommodate allocative distortions for domestic airlines, and estimating the density economies with and without allocative distortions as well as its effect on cost efficiency.

故本研究透过成本效率的观点，使用符合全面凹性更具弹性之对称性一般化影子成本函数来检视国内各航空公司民国78-86年期间之分配扭曲对密度报酬、投入要素需求量（劳动、燃油、固定要素及其他）及成本的影响，以了解各航空公司无效率之所在。

Quality cost calculating system is an important part of enterprise's quality cost management in Advanced Manufacturing Environment,pointed out that quality cost must be re-identification under the concept of"reasonable quality",the name of quality cost account、the calculating range of quality cost account and their corresponding relationship must be clearly defined.

提出了在先进制造环境中，质量成本核算体系是企业开展质量成本管理的重要内容，指出必须在"合理质量"观念下重新界定质量成本，对质量成本核算科目的名称、核算范围以及对应关系进行明确的规范，设计符合先进制造环境要求的质量成本核算体系

Firstly, it studies the relationships among cost, price, sales quantity and profit, and gives a optimal allocation model of indirect fixed cost and its calculating method for the firms using cost-plus pricing,. Secondly, it studies systematization of cost flow control technology and embedded it into MRP-Ⅱ. Then the model of integrating cost flow control and material flow control is presented.

本文一方面研究了成本—价格—销售量—利润之间的关系，为采用成本加成定价法的企业提出了一种间接固定成本在不同产品上的优化分摊模型，并给出了计算方法；另一方面将成本流控制技术系统化，并将其有机地嵌入MRP-Ⅱ系统中，提出了将成本流控制与物流控制有机集成的管理模式。

Cost-plus pricing system 成本加成定价法 cost price 成本价格 cost pricing 成本定价法 cost-push inflation A type of inflation caused largely by wage price spiral, that consists of upward pressure on the cost of production caused by wage increases, followed by price increase, then further wage increases and so on.

成本推动型通货膨胀指主要由工资-价格螺旋上升所造成的一种通货膨胀，包括工资的增加对生产成本造成的向上的压力，引起物价上涨，然后工资再增加，如此循环上升。

Research route is: application of cost engineering theory in information field—definition of cost engineering—design of cost information engineering—operation and control of cost information engineering-evaluation of cost information engineering.

研究思路是：成本工程理论在信息管理领域中的应用——成本信息工程的定位——成本信息工程的设计——成本信息工程的实施与控制——成本信息工程的评价。

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using an insurance database from Bureau of Nation Health Insurance - Central regional branch with registered children born in 2001 who received teeth fluoridation and anti-decay program. The difference of utilization of dental care preventive service analysis was based on each individual child's character and required dental treatment. For cost-benefit analysis, children were selected who were eligible receiving or non- receiving this benefit from July 1, 2004 till 2007. Two groups were compared by frequency matching analysis, based on sex, medical provide territories, insured fee. Additional Incremental benefit/cost method of cost-benefit analysis is also conducted to evaluate the service providing cost increasing and dental treatment cost decreasing effectiveness.

研究方法主要系透过健保局中区分局93年至96年儿童牙科医疗费用统计资料，比较90年次出生之儿童接受涂氟预防保健服务之人口学特质及其涂氟前后牙科医疗利用差异；并依该等对象接受涂氟预防保健服务与否区分两组，就其性别、就医地区别与全民健保投保金额组别等予以配对，进一步应用成本效益分析（cost-benefit analysis，CBA）之增量益本比（Incremental benefit/cost method，IBC），探讨儿童牙齿涂氟预防保健服务成本的增加，使牙科医疗费用减少所带来效益的增加为何。

The constrained low-cost restricts the improvement of government performance, other cost and implicit cost increases idle cost, the development of government transformation and civil society organization is slow, and constitutional problems still exist. These factors are the primary reasons which lead to low performance of the government administrative cost control in underdeveloped areas.

低成本制约了政府绩效的提升，制度外成本和隐性成本增加了无效成本，政府转型和公民社会组织发展缓慢，制度性问题等依然存在等，是导致落后地区地方政府行政成本支出绩效低下的主要成因。

Who? I never heard of him, Paul said, before asking teammate James Posey if he had heard of him.

赛后，科比说，他一直都是一名非常出色的射手，今天他打得很棒。

When I joined the company, I rotated around the different sections.

我加入这个公司时，轮换过几个不同的部门。