查询词典 problem

Under suitable hypotheses,the relationship was established between the local unconstrained minimizers of the augmented Lagrangian function on the space of problem variables and the local minimizers of the original constrained problem.

在适当的假设下，给出了原约束问题的局部极小点与增广Lagrange函数，在原问题变量空间上的无约束局部极小点之间的对应关系。

In order to solve the nonlinear problem of lampers, a pure-shear magneto-rtheological damper was designed. In view of its non-linear characteristics, it was proposed to make use of the radial basis function neural networks non-linear mapping capabilities and establish MR dampers inverse model to solve its problem of non-linear.

为了解决阻尼器的非线性问题，设计了一种纯剪切型磁流变阻尼器，并针对其非线性特性，提出了利用径向基函数神经网络的非线性映射能力，以建立磁流变阻尼器的逆模型。

Furthermore, the problem of coupled piezothermoelastic response of a piezoelectric cylinder of crystal class 6mm is investigated. Analytical solutions for this problem are successfully obtained by using Bessel-Fourier series expansion and Laplace transform. These solutions are helpful for study of the influence of coupling on the distribution of stresses, displacements, electric potential and other quantities as well as the role of inertia term.

研究了热电材料圆柱的瞬态压电热弹性响应问题，应用Bessel-Fourier级数展开和拉氏变换方法成功地求得了该问题的解析解，此解有助于研究瞬态响应问题中耦合效应对应力、位移和电势等物理量分布的影响以及惯性项的作用等问题。

In Chapter Ⅳ, the reliability of the scheme presented in this paper is proved by numerical experiments for solutions of shock tube flow problem and Laval nozzle flow problem. The treatment of boundary conditions is also described.

第四章通过对一维激波管、Laval管的数值计算验证了本文所采用的格式的可靠性，同时给出了边界条件的处理方法，并讨论了对应不同精度参数的TVD格式对计算结果的影响。

Byusing several technologies including linearization method, penalty function, virtual observation equation and equivalent weights method, the robust data reconciliation problem can be transformed into a least squares estimator problem.

通过使用线性化方法、罚函数法、虚拟测量方程和等价权法，鲁棒数据校正问题被转化为最小二乘估计问题。

OD estimation was divided into fixed steps, with every step containing a bi-level programming. The upper-level problem was a generalized least squares estimator, while the lower level problem was a stochastic user equilibrium model. Namely, based on generalized least squares estimator and stochastic user equilibrium, a new estimator of the OD matrix was proposed by target matrix and traffic counts updating.

将OD估计分为固定的步数，每一步都是一个双层规划，上层为广义最小二乘估计，下层为随机用户均衡分配模型，即以广义最小二乘估计和随机用户均衡分配模型为基础，通过更新估计模型中目标矩阵和实测路段上的流量来估计OD矩阵。

It is not only a economic and social problem but also a legal problem.

这不仅是一个经济和社会问题，也是一个法律问题。

It is not only a clinical problem,but also a social,ethical and legislative problem.

这既是临床医疗问题，又是一个涉及社会、伦理、法规的问题。

All was unexpected. Likin, though, was temporary tax that the Qing Dynasty established for raising money to repress the taiping rebellion. It had been censured for seventy eight years. This showed that the existence of likin had its profound background of economy and society. Abolishing likin was to "change a little, then influence the whole", and it existed contradiction not only between China and other countries, but also between the center and the local authority. The problem of likin systems abolition was the problem about not only economy but also politics.

厘金虽然一开始是清王朝为筹措镇压太平天国运动军费而设立的临时税种，但其屡遭非议却长达78年的历史表明，厘金的存在有其深刻的经济与社会背景，"裁厘"可谓是"牵一发而动全身"，不仅存在着中国与各国列强之间的矛盾，而且存在着中央与地方政权之间的矛盾，厘金的裁撤问题，既是经济问题，又是政治问题。

For the linear problem, the linearity of the problem is also well preserved in the merit functions. The global convergence, local superlinear or quadratic convergence and finite convergence for linear problems of the proposed algorithms are also obtained under conditions as above or even weaker.

基此构造的互补和混合互补问题的算法，均具备在前述条件或比其更弱条件下的全局收敛性、局部超线性或二次收敛率以及在线性情形下的有限步收敛性。

Don not attempt to do something which you can not to do.

不要企图做那些办不到的事情。

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。