查询词典 probability distribution function

In order to draw a photorealistic surface, Bidirectional Texture Functions, a 6D texture function which extends Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function to include the self-shadowing, self-occlusion and inter-reflection effects, has been mentioned frequently in recent years. Its main drawback is its massive data size. To solve this, Spatial Bidirectional Reflectance Function techniques compress BTFs into reflectance model parameters. However, SBRDF cannot producethe self-shadowing and self-occlusion effects in real-world surface geometry. This work is aimed to this drawback. I find how self-shadowing and self-occlusion affect the surface by additional physical-based analysis. And I rely on two physical phenomena to divide self-shadowing and self-occlusion into two independent effects. First, self-shadowing is view independent. Second, self-occlusion is independent of lighting direction changes. After these analyses, I use SBRDF and additional self-shadowing and self-occlusion I found to render a photorealistic surface as non-compressed BTFs doing.

为了把物体表面呈现的更真实，六维函数BTFs ( Bidirectional Texture Functions)目前已经被使用的相当频繁，但BTFs的资料量实在太大而没办法直接使用，为了解决资料庞大的问题，传统的SBRDF以逼近光反射模型参数，来达到资料压缩的效果，但是SBRDF对於表面的凹凸所产生的阴影及遮蔽，不能达到逼真的呈现，为了改善这个问题，我们选择从物理方面，找出资料中阴影和遮蔽等属於表面几何的资料并去除，使参数更正确，同时利用两个物理现象去区分阴影及遮蔽为两个互不干涉资料，第一是阴影不会因视角不同而改变，第二是遮蔽不因光线方向不同而改变，经过这些分析，我可以利用SBRDF加上附加的阴影及遮蔽两种独立的效应，来达到彷佛跟未压缩过的BTFs一样的真实绘图。

The first is on the study of spectra technique in boolean function and in its probability function.

得到布尔差分等布尔运算在此映射下的实函数运算，并用有限离散变换实现了从原函数到象函数、到象函数偏差分，以及到布尔差分的象函数的变换，并研究了这一系列变换的性质。

In our model the probability density function of the jump size p is general. A closed series formula of the price is given by introducing some kind of Green function and the optimal exercise boundary of the perpetual put option is given by the smooth junction condition.

文章强调跳量的概率密度函数p是一般形式的，通过偏微分方程方法引入格林函数，给出永久美式看跌期权的价格，并通过自由边界条件给出最佳实施边界的显式表达式。

If mark the probability density function of continuous random variable X and continuous random variable leave each other, then when,there is , there is inverse function of .

Theorem 如果将连续型随机变量和连续型随机变量的概率密度函数分别记为，则时有：，这里是的反函数。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

On the basis of Russenes method, the probability density function and membership function are deduced.

结合工程常用的Russenes岩爆判别法，推导出模型的概率密度函数和隶属函数形式。

Properties are discussed for a class of exponential sum function on recurrence relationship,integral formula,it has been proved that its curve configuration is single peak and it is a probability density,the application of this function is showed in proving equalities and a differential equation model of substance transform reaction.

对一类指数和函数的递推关系、积分公式、曲线的单峰形态等性质进行了讨论，证明了该函数为概率密度函数，并给出了该函数在等式证明、物质转化反应的微分方程模型等方面的应用。

The universal generating function can express the relation between system performance level and state probability, and use the u-functions of elements to obtain the u-function of system.

通用生成函数能够表达系统性能水平和状态概率之间的关系，并且可以方便地由元件的u函数获得系统的u函数。

Probability space and its properties, random variables and distributions, expected value, moment generating function, characteristic function, limiting theory.

课程内容：机率空间及其性质，随机变数与分布，期望值，动差生成函数及特徵函数，极限定理等。

Logistic models illuminate that linear function of the observation value of present expositive variables is a suitable function of the imitating probability of events.

时序分析揭示了变量随时间变化的统计规律，从而可以对其做出合理的预测。

Don not attempt to do something which you can not to do.

不要企图做那些办不到的事情。

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。