查询词典 probability distribution function

While I understand the rationale of these arguments, I attach a zero probability to another discrete adjustment of the exchange rate this year and a less than a 20% probability for next year.

尽管我知道这些论点具有合理性，但我认为今年人民币汇率再度出现一次性大幅升值的可能性为零，而明年的可能性不会超过20%。

Test results showed that surface impurity was cleaned out and it was found that the zero probability damage-threshold increased 24% and 50% probability damage-threshold increased 19%.

结果发现，石英基片在经过紫外脉冲激光预处理后表面杂质得到有效清除并暴露了低阈值缺陷，处理后的石英基片零几率损伤阈值平均提高24%左右，50%损伤阈值提高约19%。

One might attempt to claim that if an event has such a low probability that it does not occur in a very large sample, then actually estimating its probability to be zero will not be a major error.

当一个事件在大规模样本集合中没有出现，属于低概率事件，而实际计算结果为零，这是一个很主要的错误。

The simulation showed that without EMBr, the floating-up probability was nearly zero for the inclusions less than 50μm, and 6% for the inclusions larger than 200μm. With EMBr, the floating-up probability was 25% for the inclusions less than 50μm, and 38% for the inclusions larger than 200μm.

数值模拟表明，无电磁制动时，粒径在50μm以下的夹杂物颗粒其上浮概率几乎为零，200μm夹杂物颗粒上浮概率为6%；有电磁制动时，粒径在50μm以下的夹杂物颗粒的上浮概率为25%， 200μm夹杂物颗粒上浮概率为38%。

Numbers near the branches were bootstrap probability values coming from 1000 replications. Some bootstrap probability values were 92%(Coturnix chinensis/ Coturnix japonica), 100%(Tetraogallus altaicus/ Tetraogallus himalayensis), and 100%(Tetraogallus altaicus/ Tetraogallus himalayensis/ Tetraogallus tibetanus. The overall average distance was 0.112, and average genetic distance among Tetralgallus was 0.042. The genera Alectoris, Coturnix, Tetrao-gallus and Pucrasia formed a monophyletic group.

结果表明：日本鹌鹑和蓝胸鹌鹑的BP值为92%，阿尔泰雪鸡和喜玛拉雅雪鸡(T.himalayensis)的BP值为100%，(阿尔泰雪鸡、喜玛拉雅雪鸡)和藏雪鸡(T.tibetanus)的BP值为100%；石鸡属、鹌鹑属、雪鸡属和勺鸡属组成一个单系群；石鸡属和鹌鹑属的共同祖先与雪鸡属的祖先是姐妹群。

According to a thorough comparison and analysis of several classical criticality indexes including Path Criticality Probability, Activity Criticality Probability, Activity 'Cruciality' Index, all these indexes have limitations and pitfalls to some degree. Therefore, Activity Compound Criticality Index is presented as a compound index of ACP and ACI, and on the basis of ACCI, Project Compound Criticality Index, a new index that reflects the criticality of a whole project or subproject is proposed.

首先，对几个经典关键性指标——线路关键概率(Path Criticality Probability， PCP)、工序关键概率(Activity Criticality Probability， ACP)和工序关键指标(Activity Cruciality Index， ACI)——进行比较研究；鉴于各自利弊，提出一个 ACP 与 ACI 的整合指标——工序复合关键指标(Activity Compound Criticality Index，ACCI)，并进一步提出了一个表征项目整体&关键&水平的新指标项目——复合关键指标(Project Compound Criticality Index， PCCI)。

We analyse the probability of success in deception by malicious groups of receivers, discuss the threshould schemes with limited the number of malicious receivers, give the calculation formule of probability of successful attacks in any transmitted information, and information - theoretic lower bounds,show the size of the secret key space for each participation under the securiey level, provide the construction about the authentication schemes.

第三部分提出了动态会议认证系统，利用动态会议系统的特点，引入验证密钥集，我们运用熵函数，交互信息量及概率分布等方法，对限制内部欺骗者个数的情况进行了分析，得出了欺骗者对系统实施各种攻击成功概率的计算公式及信息论下界，说明了系统在某一安全水平下，各用户应掌握的密钥量。

In order to increase the diversity of population, MFCMGA uses idiotypic immune network theory to improve the selection operator of SGA. Meanwhile in order to decrease the randomicity of SGA, the crossover probability, crossover position and mutation probability are adjusted dynamically by using fuzzy inference, which is based on analyzing the heuristic fuzzy relationship between algorithm performance and evolutionary parameters from the viewpoints of environment, population, individual and gene.

该算法利用免疫系统独特性网络学说，改进标准遗传算法选择运算子，提高了种群多样性；同时从环境、种群、个体和基因角度，全面分析算法寻优性能和各种进化参数的启发式模糊关系，采用模糊推理动态调整交叉率、交叉位置和变异率，减小了标准遗传操作的随机性。

In the bid to increase the diversity of population, MFCMGA uses idiotypic immune network theory to improve the selection operator of SGA. Simultaneously, in order to decrease the randomicity of SGA, the crossover probability, crossover position and mutation probability are adjusted dynamically by using fuzzy inference, which is based on analyzing the heuristic fuzzy relationship between algorithm performance and evolutionary parameters from the viewpoints of environment, population, individual and gene.

该算法利用免疫系统独特性网络学说，改进标准遗传算法选择算子，提高了种群多样性；同时从环境、种群、个体和基因角度，全面分析算法寻优性能和各种进化参数的启发式模糊关系，采用模糊推理动态调整交叉率、交叉位置和变异率，减小了标准遗传操作的随机性。

Three hypotheses is put forward, based on microexamination about sample evaporation during determaination of isotope abundance by thermal ionization:1. Only atoms uncovered by outer layer atoms can be vapoured; 2. Atoms covered by outer layer atoms can diffuse but cannot vapoure; 3. The probability of diffusion of isotope atoms is in direct proportion to its probability of evaporation.

根据对热表面电离源同位素丰度测量过程中样品蒸发的微观研究，提出如下三条假设：(1 )未被外层原子覆盖的原子才能蒸发；(2 )被外层原子覆盖的原子只能扩散不能蒸发；(3 )同位素原子的扩散几率与蒸发几率成正比。

Don not attempt to do something which you can not to do.

不要企图做那些办不到的事情。

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。