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This thesis makes use of complex numbers to study geometry. It mainly considers the following questions: using complex numbers to express collected points and curves on the level;geometric applications of complex numbers on collinear,concurrent,round,Mobius Mappings of Complex numbers problems,etc..Meanwhile,this thesis recommends some methods for thinking on mathematics.

本文利用复数来研究几何，主要考虑如下的问题：平面上的点集的复数表示；平面曲线的复数表示；复数在共线、共点、共圆、复数的麦比乌斯变换等几何问题上的应用，在说明这些应用的同时介绍一些数学上常用的思考方法。

The five prosthetic groups (FAD, [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], [3Fe-4S] and heme group) required for electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone were unambiguously assigned into the electron density map. Besides, we find there are some electron densities around the Qp pocket at the matrix side and we believe it represents the head structure of ubiquinone, which is proved by the inhibitor bound structure that 2-TTFA just locating at the Qp site. At the same time, we find there is the second 2-TTFA binding site, locating the inter-membrane side. This finding will change our knowledge about the electron transfer inside Complex II and the ubiquinone transfer between Complex II and Complex III, and endow a new role of Complex II in electron transfer chain.

除了对各个电子传递体（ FAD ，[2Fe-2S]，[4Fe-4S]，[3Fe-4S]以及血红素分子）进行精确定位外，我们在该结构跨膜区靠近线粒体基质一端的口袋 Qp 中，发现了一些电子密度，认为是所结合的辅酶 Q 的头部结构，这一点被与抑制剂结合的复合体的结构所证明，在该结构中， 2－ TTFA 恰好结合在口袋 Qp 中，同时，我们还发现了第二个2－ TTFA 的结合位点，位于跨膜区靠近线粒体膜间隙一端的口袋 Qd 中，这个发现具有全新的意义，将影响人们对电子在复合物 II 中传递以及辅酶 Q 在复合物 II 与 III 之间转移的认识，促使人们重新复合物 II 在线粒体呼吸链中的角色。

In this paper, according to the development of the present stage on research of complex system importance of research of complex system's brittleness is pointed out.

在本论文中，首先通过介绍复杂系统研究的现阶段发展情况，说明了研究复杂系统脆性的重要性。

Based on complex adaptive system theory, it has analyzed the characteristics and mechanism of logistics complex system, pointed out that interaction between agents and inter-adaptation between agents and environment are the main causes which lead to logistics system taking on complexity.

基于复杂适应系统理论，分析了物流复杂系统的特征和机制，指出主体间的相互作用和主体与环境的相互适应是导致物流系统涌现出复杂性的主要原因。

The importance of macroscopic and sythrtic approaches,Especially information entropy approach,in study of complex systems are pointed out.Moreover,the information entropy based intelligent control and decision of complex svstems are discussed.

然后探讨了复杂系统的方法论，指出从统一和普适观点出发的宏观综合方法特别是信息熵在复杂系统研究中的重要性，进而讨论了基于宏观信息熵的复杂系统的智能控制与决策。

It is also pointed out that an n-mode boson coupled quadratic Hamiltonian can be diagonalized by a "negative unitary" matrix which is an element of complex symplectic group SP(2n,c),and an n-mode fermion coupled quadratic Hamiltonian can be diagonalized by a unitary matrix which is an element of complex fermion group F(2n,c).

并且指出，对于n模玻色子耦合二次型哈密顿量，通过一个负幺正矩阵它是复辛群SP(2n，c的元素可以把它对角化；对n模费米子耦合二次型哈密顿量，通过一个幺正矩阵它是复费米群F(2n，c的元素可以把它对角化。

The crystal structures of two complexes have been determined by X-ray diffraction as: complex (11) is distorted octahedron configuration,α=15. 9002 (6), b=16. 2413 (5), c=23. 4401 (8)〓,β=90°, V=6053. 2 (4)〓, Z=8 and R=0.0531; complex (8) is trigonal bipyramidal configuration,α=9. 3476 (8), b=17. 4236 (13), c=9. 7836 (8)〓,β=91. 197 (3)°, V=1593. 1 (2)〓, Z=2 and R=0.0325, which shows that three secondary amine groups (N-1, N-2, N-3) of the glycosylamine ligand forms the equatorial plane, and the tertiary amine (N-4) and one Cl〓 are pointed on the apical positions.

分别对其进行X-ray衍射分析可以得出：配合物(11)的晶体数据为α=15.9002(6)，b=16.2413(5)，c=23.4401(8)〓，β=90°，V=6053.2(4)〓，Z=8 and R=0.0531，为畸变的八面体构型，而配合物(8)中，α=9.3476(8)，b=17.4236(13)，c=9.7836(8)〓，β=91.197(3)°，V=1593.1(2)〓，Z=2 andR=0.0325，为三角双锥构型，糖胺配体的三个氮原子（N-1，N-2，N-3）位于赤道平面上，而另外一个氮原子（N-4）和一个Cl〓位于轴向上。

It is presented to calculate the complex index,the complex E vector and the complex angle of refraction of evanescent wave in crystal.

本文研究了晶体界面上的全反射。我们如何计算迅衰波的复折射率、复折射角和复电场矢量。

The key of studying this kind of complex system, is adopting the theory and methodology of complex system, combining the basic law of rock mechanics, found the scientific model and system info of complex system. To nonlinear, anomalistic geometry et.

对于这样的复杂性系统研究的关键，是采用复杂性系统的理论方法，并结合岩石力学的本质规律，采用适当的研究方法，建立复杂性系统的科学模型和理论体系。

Hoey groups lexical cohesion into ten categories — simple lexical repetition, complex lexical repetition, simple mutual paraphrase, simple partial paraphrase, antonymous complex paraphrase, other complex paraphrase, substitution, co-reference, ellipsis and deixis.

就方法而言，侯易的模式比韩礼德和哈桑的更具创造性，它提供了一种分析句间词汇衔接的新方法；就理论而言，侯易有关语篇中词汇模式的详细分析强调词汇衔接手段比其他衔接手段更重要；就操作而言，侯易对联结紧密的词汇衔接手段的矩阵分析准确反映了它们间的非线性复杂关系，更便于我们处理和阐释这些关系。

"Second Life is remarkably easy to work with, and is very popular,"

"第二次生命是显着容易的工作，并且很受欢迎，"

For example, we usually assume that materials are homogeneous and isotropic and free of internal defects or flaws.

为了得到适合有限元分析的模型，我们必须经过如图2所示的简化步骤。