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Additionally, the growth of the pathogen was obviously affected by cultural media. The morphological characters such as colony color and diameter, and production of fruit body of the fungus growing on PDA, 10% V8, apple leaves dextrose agar and apple leaves extraction dextrose agar media were different. The fungus formed colonies of about 8mm in diameter and did not produce fruit bodies and aerial hyphae in 1 month incubation on PDA. However it formed the similar size colonies as on PDA and produced fruit bodies and aerial hyphae on 10% V8 and LDA media in the same incubation period. Very small colonies (2mm in diameter) and fruit bodies were found on LEDA media in the same incubation condition. These results indicated that successful isolation of M. coronaria from apple leaves depended on suitable isolation method and cultural media as well as fresh samples.

不同培养基上菌落形态、大小和产孢情况差异也很大，培养1个月（25℃）后PDA上菌落黑褐色隆起，表面蚯蚓粪状，无气生菌丝，无子实体和基内菌丝；10% V8培养基上菌落中央隆起，黑褐色，表面生少量气生菌丝，边缘放射状，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落平坦，黄褐色，表面生茂密的金黄色气生菌丝，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片煎汁葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落有明显的不规则隆起，黄褐色至黑褐色，表面生少许气生菌丝，菌落生长缓慢，无基内菌丝，分生孢子盘菌落表面生，菌落直径仅2mm左右，而在其他培养基上的菌落直径可达6－8mm，说明培养基质、分离方法均对苹果盘二孢的分离培养和生长发育有明显的影响。

Group A Streptococcus is a Human pathogen which causes 18.1 million cases disease and 0.51 million people dies. GAS causes severe disease including scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis, the rheumatic heart disease is the major reason which causes heart disease in the children and young people.

A型链球菌是是一种人类的致病菌，在全球每年会有大约1800万人受到A型链球菌的影响，且会有51万人死於A型链球菌所造成的疾病。A型链球菌所造成的疾病包含猩红热、风湿热、风湿性心脏病、急性肾丝球肾炎等，其中风湿性心脏病是造成孩童以及年轻人得到心脏病的主要原因。

The pathogen of gas gangrene mainly exist and live in local place, and seldom enter blood system to cause blood poisoning, but than can form lots of toxins, this toxins can harm blood system, kidney system, and also the tissue can putrescence and the wound will enlarge step by step, all tissue putrescence and toxin can make these bacteria easier to live and reproduce, all these situation if not being control in time will lead a serious situation that multiple organs dysfunction and then died

气性坏疽的病原菌主要在伤口内生长繁殖很少侵入血液循环引起败血症。产气夹膜杆菌产生α毒素、胶原酶透明质酸酶、溶纤维酶和脱氧核糖核酸酶等，红细胞破坏引起溶血血红蛋白尿、尿少、肾组织坏死水肿、液化，肌肉大片坏死使病变迅速扩散、恶化。糖类分解产生大量气体使组织膨胀；蛋白质的分解和明胶的液化，产生硫化氢，使伤口发生恶臭由于局部缺血，血浆渗出，及各种毒素的作用伤口内的组织和肌肉，进一步坏死和腐化，更利于细菌的繁殖使病变更为恶化。

Was isolated from the diseased leaf of Cynodon hybrid in Red Lotus Lake golf courses in E-zhou. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating the leaf with mycelium plug of Curvularia sp., the result indicated that Curvularia sp. isolate was the pathogen.

研究结果如下：从鄂州红莲湖高尔夫球场的狗牙根发病植株叶片上分离菌株Curvularia sp。，用菌丝块接种狗牙根叶片进行致病性测定，证实Curvularia sp。

OPO11-964 shows 93 % identity with 1 EST sequence from Cabernet Sauvignon, shows 90% and 87% identity respectively with 2 EST sequences from green grape berries library, shows 83% identity with 1 EST sequence from multiple pathogen-infected sweet orange.

OPO11- 964序列与欧洲葡萄&赤霞珠&的1条EST序列有93%同源性，与&霞多丽&的2条果实不同发育时期获得的EST序列有90%和87%的同源性，与甜橙在多种病原菌侵染后通过cDNA文库获得的1条EST序列有83%的同源性。

With conventional PCR primer pair XBFF/R,the same 352bp bands appeared by amplifying all the DNA samples from the eight races,and no bands appeared by amplifying all the DNA samples from the 9 plant pathogen species(Cucumber powdery mildew,wheat yellow rust,wheat leaf rust,wheat stem rust,wheat scab,wheat sheath blight,wheat loose smut,maize sheath blight and maize head smut)and control.

3用常规PCR和实时荧光PCR两种方法对温室接种的小麦白粉病进行了检测，并在时间上与自然显症的观察进行了比较，结果表明：在温室条件下，小麦白粉病菌在接种后第5d时开始出现小麦白粉病病斑，而利用常规PCR引物XBFF/R可在接种第3d检测到小麦白粉病菌，比自然显症观察能够提前了2d检测到白粉病菌；实时荧光PCR法可在接种后1d即能检测到小麦白粉病菌，比自然显症观察能够提前了4d检测到白粉病菌，这可为白粉菌的预测或预警检测提供依据，更可为白粉病在流行前制定防治决策赢得宝贵时间。4。

The resistance mechanism of maize to head smut were first studied by determining endogenous hormone changes during host - pathogen interaction.

本文从寄主与病菌互作过程中植物内源激素变化揭示玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性机制。

The results showed that 9 pathogen collections of Sporisorium reilianum were divided into 3 pathogenic types in which there were type A with high pathogenicity, type B with moderate pathogenicity and C with weak pathogenicity. Type A were originated in most important corn-grown areas including Changchun ,Jilin,Gongzuling and Changling where corn head smut usually occurs severely, type B were collected from Siping,Tonghua ,Songyuan,Yanbian, and type C were collected from Baicheng where corn head smut usually occurs very lightly.

致病类型A为强致病类型，来源于吉林、长春、公主岭和长岭，是玉米丝黑穗病发生最严重的地区；致病类型C为弱致病类型，分布于白城地区；致病类型B其致病性介于A、C类之间，主要分布于四平、通化、松原和延边地区。

The pathogen mainly damages the living trees of Chinese chestnut, which lead to heart rot and result in death.

该菌主要危害板栗活树，造成心材褐色腐朽，最终导致受害树木死亡或风折后死亡。

Plant volatiles can serve as attractants for specific pollinators, important cellular regulators in developmental processes and protection against environmental stress, whereas those released after herbivory or pathogen attacks can induce the expression a set of defensive genes or attraction of predators of the herbivores.

由於潜在的应用价值，近几年该领域颇受注目，特别是应用基因工程技术设计植物释放特殊气味物质，诸如特定的驱避剂或者其它控制植物或昆虫行为的特殊气味乃至与人类健康相关的药用气味物质。

Connectors are lines that can be anchored to particular places, called glue points , on the graphic object.

连接符，可固定在图形对象的特定的地方的线条。

Another way of putting it, too many agents have a say in each other's work, and bureaucratic rigor mortis sets in.

另一种表达是，太多的作用物在彼此的工作里都有话语权，官僚的僵尸开始抬头。