查询词典 patent law

Because our country still does not have the law to regulate the system definitely, this article plans to introduce patent pool establishment, the license pattern, the antitrade guidelines and so on, and then introduces the patent strategy pool in Taiwan, which is the indigenous change of the patent pool.

本文拟借此研究之东风，对以美国为代表的专利联盟的建立、许可模式、反垄断规制及其体现的法律特征做初步的探讨分析，并对台湾在专利联盟制度的基础上进行本土化改造所形成的专利策略联盟进行评析，以期对专利联盟制度在国内的适用有一初步的研究。

The first one is capital barrier, which means a large amount of initial capital for the perfect monopolizer. This prevents the common enterprise from entrance. The second is the technical barrier, i.e. the monopolizer is in control of certain technology and knack while other enterprises not, and then the market naturally become a monopoly market. Scale economy is the most studied technical barrier. The third one is law barrier, i.e. some exclusive patent rights are protected by the law. For example, patent and copyright are the monopolizations protected by the law. The fourth one is tactic barrier, even without any of the above mentioned barriers; it can also set up barriers through other ways, such as huge amount of advertisement investment.

首先是资本壁垒，即完全垄断企业的起始资本量很大，因此一般的企业难以进入；其次是技术性壁垒，即垄断者掌握了某种生产技术和诀窍，其他企业则没有，这个市场也就自然成了垄断市场，规模经济是一种被研究得最多的技术性壁垒；第三是法律壁垒，有些独家经营的特权是由法律所规定并受到法律保护的，专利和版权就是法律特许的垄断；第四是策略性壁垒，企业即使没有上述三种壁垒，也可以通过其他方式高筑壁垒，例如巨额广告投入。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

"The government must make sure that strong checks are in place to enforce the new patent law," said Omkar Singh Kanwar, president of the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi.

&政府必须确保强有力的审核程序，以执行新的专利法，&辛格说奥姆卡尔国际贩卖、印度联邦总统工商新德里。

Patent law strategy endows the enterprise with some kind of competitive advantage of monopoly status.

专利法律战略赋予企业某种垄断地位的竞争优势，其本质是什么呢？

What is its essence? What patent law endows right holders is both right and power.

从法哲学角度分析专利法赋予权利人的，既是权利，也是权力。

Patent misuse refers to an affirmative defense to an action for patent infringement. If misuse is found, the patent is rendered unenforceable until the misuse is purged. An IP holder will violate the Anti-monopoly law (or Anti-trust law or Anti-restriction of competition law) in different countries if the exercise of the IP rights excludes or retrains the competition.

美国在专利审判实践中，将专利权人超越专利权的范围、对他人使用其专利技术设置各种不合理限制的行为视为滥用专利，如果法官认定滥用行为存在，将不对专利权人进行保护，直到专利滥用的行为得到纠正。

It's not only need to compare two design's factor, but also need to compare the usage of the two products. In addition, there have some omissions in the Article 65-3 of (〈Detailed Rules of Patent Law〉),which setting a procedure that is cockamamie and repeated.

我国专利法实施以来的实践证明，外观设计专利保护制度对于激发广大人民群众，尤其是设计者的创新热情，加速产品的更新换代，增加商品的花色品种，满足人民群众的消费文化需要，具有积极的意义和作用。

This research also adopted the theory of Patent Equity and Judge-made Law to discuss the recent establishment of Intellectual Property Court in Taiwan and the possibility of introducing judge-made law to solve patent-related disputes under the emergence of knowledge economy and globalization.

除此之外，为谋能够因应时代环境快速变迁而扩大纷争解决机制的功能，本研究尝试援引适用英美衡平法理与美国联邦法院「专利衡平」的理论，探讨其在我国甫设置成立的智慧财产法院与仲裁法中新设的衡平仲裁机制中的适用性，藉以强化「法官造法」的功能。

Therefore, so far as "the right of patentees" is concerned, China's Patent Law had fully accommodated the requirements of the TRIPS Agreement.

所以，就&专利权人的权利&来说，中国的《专利法》已经完全满足了《TRIPS 协定》的要求。

Results showed that 0.01g/mL extract of Oxalis corniculata L. had obvious antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, but all extract of Oxalis corniculata L has not any antimicrobial effect on E.

结果表明，0.01g/ml的提取物对摇床培养的金黄色葡萄球菌生长具有明显的抑制作用；但各种浓度的提取物对摇床培养的大肠杆菌生长均无抑制作用。

This will be totally different from Zaro's texture mod, it will be desaturated, dirty etc.

这会和Zaro的那个材质补丁有很大不同，这边是更多的不饱和色，整个都灰扑扑的。