查询词典 particle physics

Based on the model of DLA, this paper simulates the process of aggregation's growth for random walk particles from local area on two-dimension Euclidean plane. The aggregation is confined to Euclidean circular plane for large enough particle walking area and far enough partial source distance. The centre of the Euclidean circular plane is on the line between the particle source's symmetric centre and the seed particle, and is more closer to the particle source than the seed particle. Though the rate of aggregation growth is different in different directions, the whole aggregation shows fractal structure.

以DLA模型为基础，模拟研究了在二维欧几里德平面上由局部区域内产生随机运动粒子的聚集生长过程，发现对于足够大的粒子运动区域和足够远的粒子源距离，凝聚集团大体上被限制在欧氏圆形面内，圆心在粒子源对称中心和种粒子的连线上，且比种粒子更加接近粒子源；凝聚集团朝各个方向的平均生长速率虽然不同，但整体仍呈分形结构。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

That shows time has a close relationship with matters which contain life. Learned from biology, we know the differences to distinguish living being and the rest is: the matter micro particle contained living being has the capability to regenerate; in other words, the special species matter micro particle of living being can regenerate 2 or 3 even more micro particle containing life. On the contrary, although the non living being micro particle changes continuously, the micro particle can not regenerate 2 or 3 even more counterparts.

这就说明了时间同含有生命现象的物质有着密切的关系，而生物和非生物区别又在何处；我们从生物学中知道：它们的区别是：含有生命现象的物质微粒能够有再生的变化能力，也就是说一个以本种形式存在的含有生命现象的物质微粒能够变成两个、三个以至更多个同样的含有生命现象的物质微粒，而非生物的物质微粒虽然是在不停的发生变化，非生物的物质微粒却不能变成两个、三个以至更多个不含有生命现象的物质微粒的。

When switching on the machine, the material is conveyed into the grading unit by the feeding devices. The material is separated into fine particle and coarse particle here, the qualified fine particle is released directly from the air pipe; the coarse particle enters the grinding chamber, grinded under high speed strike of the hitting block and then is transferred by the air pipe to the worm grading device. The satisfied particle is released with the exhaust air from the exhaust pipe and is collected as final product.

粉碎时，待粉碎物料由送料装置均匀送到分级室，在这里进行预先分级，原料中的合格颗粒经分级后从排气管排出，粗颗粒进入粉碎室，在冲击锤块的高速冲击和研磨作用下被粉碎，粉碎后的物料经进气管进入的上升气流作用下输送到蜗轮分级机进行先分级，合格颗粒经分级后从排气管随尾气一起排出后收集为产品，粗颗粒再次返回粉碎室继续粉碎。

It includes radiological imaging physics, radiation oncology physics, nuclear medicine physics, the use of non－ionizing techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultra－sound, microwaves, radio frequency waves, and lasers, as well as health physics.

医学物理包括放射肿瘤物理(radiation oncology physics， ROP)、医学影像物理(medical imaging physics， MIP)、核医学物理(nuclear medicine physics， NMP)，其他非电离辐射如核磁、超声、微波、射频、激光等物理因子在医学中的应用，和保健物理(health physics， HP)等分支内容。

Base the embodiment of modern physics and correlative technology, intersectional subjects in high school physics curriculum among the every science curriculum reform home and abroad, especially, the instances that typical high school physics textbook bring modern physics in it, analyse the correlative instances studied before.

从国内外的历次科学课程改革，对现代物理学以及与其相关的技术、交叉学科在高中物理课程中的体现，尤其是从国内外典型的高中物理教科书对现代物理学内容的纳入情况出发，分析已有研究的相关情况。

As the creed of the curriculum reformation, the reformation of physics curriculum standard has been mostly emphasized. In 2003, China educational committee came out with an experimental version of senior high school physics curriculum standard, and in the same year, Shanghai educational committee came out with a consultive version of high school physics curriculum standard in Shanghai. This reformation has widely drawn the attention in all circles, and I was great honored to take part in the edit of the consultive version of high school physics curriculum standard in Shanghai.

而作为改革的纲领，物理课程标准的改革更是被提上日程。2003年，我国教育委员会和上海市教育委员会相继出台了《高中物理课程标准》和《上海市中学物理课程标准》，此次改革应起了社会各界人士的关注，本人也有幸参加了《上海市中学物理课程标准》的修订工作。

HU Dong,YUAN Changying,LI Ping,CHENG Xinlu,LIU Jinchao,SUN Zhumei Laboratory of Shock Wave Physics and Detonation Physics Research,Institute of Fluid Physics,CAEP,Mianyang,621900, Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics,Sichuan University

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理国家级重点实验室，绵阳621900 [2]北京科技大学，北京100047 [3]四川大学高温高压物理研究所，成都610065

A set of quadruply coupled equations (fluid flow, convection-diffusion, energy conservation and mechanical equilibrium) with a number of cross-couplings and coupled constitutive relations is formulated to quantify the multi-physics of oil displacement by CO2 injection, implemented into and solved by using FEMLAB. FEMLAB is the first engineering tool that performs equation-based multi-physics modeling in an interactive environment. With FEMLAB, the coupled multi-physics model can be solved simultaneously. The applicability of this model has been demonstrated through an example of simulations for a two-dimensional reservoir of size 1000 m×1000 m with one injection and one production wells. Model results illustrate the significant importance of the cross-couplings between individual (thermal, hydrological, chemical and mechanical) physics.

首先，建立一套流、固、热、多相流等多场全耦合控制方程组及其相应的耦合本构关系；然后，采用FEMLAB为工具来模拟三次采油阶段CO2驱油过程中的流、固、热、物质守恒等多场之间的全耦合作用，是第一个人机交互式的基于偏微分方程组的多物理场耦合分析的工程工具，利用FEMLAB，该4个耦合方程组成的方程组可以一次同时被求解出来：最后，应用该模型来求解一个二维油田的驱油情况，数值计算结果表明，原位应力、注入温度、注入压力等因素对CO2的地下贮存效率、驱油速度等有重要影响。

The history and the present conditions of the atomic physics are synoptically reviewed; highly ionized atomic systems are frequently met in the study of the experiment physics, astrophysics and nuclear physics, the study of them is of great benefit of the development of the related experiment and theoretic physics.

简要地回顾了原子分子物理学发展的历史及现状，特别阐述了高离化原子，因为高离化原子在实验物理、天体物理以及核物理中经常遇到，所以研究它们的性质可以促进相关的实验物理以及理论物理的发展。

Continuously improve the production mechanism, to provide customers with better quality products and services.

不断的完善生产机制，给客户提供更优质的产品及服务。

B:Yes, he was the very prize-winner in the court tennis ten years ago?

是的，他是十年前的世界网球冠军。