查询词典 open a private practice

Focusing on China's own issues, this dissertation observes self-help remedy from the angle of private enforcement of law, and analyzes the theory and practice of private enforcement of law systematically, for example, informal debt-collection, private detective, private government, frisk in marketplace, private wanted posters, private fine and lynch law.

本文结合中国实际，从私人执法的角度阐释了民间收债、私人侦探、私人政府、商场搜身、私人通辑令、私人罚款、私刑等私力救济现象，系统论述了私人执法的理论和实践，进而提出中国应加强私人在法律执行中的作用。

However , the meaning of the law in international private international law , international society and the effect of international private international law , observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international artier have not been analyzed comprehensively and deeply in private international law circles and international politics circles , so the article try to discuss and analyze the issues mentioned above deeply , in order lit grasp the issues of the effect of international private international law on contemporary international relations correctly

然而，在国际私法学界和国际政治学界对国际性国际私法中"法"的含义，在国际社会与国际性国际私法的效用、无政府状态下国际性国际私法的遵守和国际私法对维护国际秩序的局限性等问题上的分析尚不够全面、深入，本文拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析，以便能够正确地把握国际性国际私法在当代国际关系中的效用问题。

This thesis firstly analyzed related theories on independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises; secondly described the status quo and developing trend of independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises in China; thirdly determined objectives and characteristics of independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, put forward three ways for independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, they are direct way of wholly independent innovation, outflanking ways based on cooperation innovation and imitation innovation; fourthly made "structure-function" analysis for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, clarify system operation mechanism; finally this thesis used the theory and method of System Dynamics modeling for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises.

论文首先对民营科技企业自主创新系统相关理论进行研究；接着描述了我国民营科技企业自主创新现状与发展趋势；然后确定了民营科技企业自主创新系统的目标、特点，将民营科技企业自主创新的实现途径分为完全自主创新的直接途径和基于合作创新和模仿创新的迂回途径；并对民营科技企业自主创新系统行&结构-功能&分析，阐明民营科技企业自主创新系统的运行机理；最后应用系统动力学的理论和方法对民营科技企业自主创新系统进行建模。

However , the meaning of the law in international private international law , international society and the effect of international private international law , observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international artier have not been analyzed comprehensively and deeply in private international law circles and international politics circles , so the article try to discuss and analyze the issues mentioned above deeply , in order lit grasp the issues of the effect of international private international law on contemporary international relations correctly

然而，在国际私法学界和国际政治学界对国际性国际私法中&法&的含义，在国际社会与国际性国际私法的效用、无政府状态下国际性国际私法的遵守和国际私法对维护国际秩序的局限性等问题上的分析尚不够全面、深入，本文拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析，以便能够正确地把握国际性国际私法在当代国际关系中的效用问题。

In order to solve these problems about juridical person system of private school in China, the paper offers several countermeasures. According to setting up school corporation in legal qualification in Japanese private school, we should properly revise our present educational law and add special items and regulations about setting up school corporation; we also should revise some statutes and items restricting juridical person's capacity for fund-raising and financing, adjust some policies and rules which are bad to funds raising. At the same time we need introduce the experiences of school corporate fathering system of private school in Taiwan and especially in Japan. To set up staff selecting mechanism about corporate organ in private school, to reform management patterns and perfect organizing mechanism of corporate organ in non-profit private school, to carve up the rights borderline between the council and principal, we could establish the reasonable and normative corporate management system of private school in the future.

为解决我国民办学校法人制度的现存问题，论文提出了相应的具体对策：借鉴日本在教育领域对私立学校的法律主体资格专设&学校法人&的经验和做法，适当修改我国现行的教育法律，增加设立&学校法人&的专门条款及其相关内容规定；修改制约民办学校法人主体筹资融资能力的一些法律法规条款，调整不利于民办学校筹措资金的诸多政策规章限制；在借鉴台湾地区、尤其是日本私立学校有关学校法人治理制度的经验基础之上，增加有关民办学校法人机关组成人员的来源和遴选机制，改革和完善目前我国民办学校尤其是从事非营利活动的民办学校的法人机关运作机制，合理划分校董事会与校长的权限，从而确立起完善和规范的民办学校的法人治理制度。

During the following eight sessions in four weeks the subjects were randomly devided into four groups:(1) physical practice group, repeated physical practice twenty times per session,(2) alternating mental-physical practice group, alternating the techinques of physical and mental practice per session,(3) mental practice group, watching the film and listening to the instruction of badminton backhand lowservice,which was followed by five minutes in which the subjects were directed to practice the serve skills mentally for twenty repetitions per session, and (4) control group, no practice.

所有受试者接受羽球反手发短球之教学及练习后，隨机分派到下列四种不同练习组：22身体练习组：每天次练习羽球反手发短球二十次；4综合练习组：身体练习、心智练习间隔交替练习；3。心智练习组：提供羽球反手发短球击球动作录影带及指导语，受试者在五分钟內意像整个动作过程，共计二十次；6控制组：不练习。

This paper analyses the homogenous tendency of open-end fund at first,pointing out that unperfect development of market and investors' immature investment opinions is the origin of such phenomena. Secondly,having compared the fund sizes and purchase fee rates of 25 open-end funds in China,conclude that there are problems of diseconomy of scale and indistinctive relativity between fees and achievement in Chinese open-end funds. Then this paper introduces benefit and cost function to analyze the problem of lack of motivation and constrain mechanism towards fund managers because of unreasonable fees in China. Thirdly,this paper analyze funds managers' normal hazards by static game model,and then points out fund managers have serious tunneling behaviors in Chinese open-end fund industry. In the end,this paper analyzes the causes of liquidity risk of open-end fun and the particularity of liquidity risk of open-end fund in China,and concludes that liquidity risk in Chinese open-end fund industry is higher through calculating the rates of share change and comparing the portfolio selections of top 20 open-end funds in China.

本文首先分析了我国目前存在的基金产品同质化现象，指出市场发展的不完善以及投资者投资理念的不成熟是同质化的根源所在；其次对比了我国现有的25只开放式基金的规模和申购费率，得出了我国开放式基金存在着规模效应不明显以及基金业绩与费率相关性不强的问题，并引入效益函数和成本函数分析了由于我国开放式基金费率不合理引发的基金管理者激励约束机制缺失的问题；再次，应用静态博弈模型分析了基金管理人面临的道德风险，指出目前我国开放式基金由于监管机制脆弱而存在着较为严重的管理者利益输送行为；最后，分析了开放式基金流动性风险的形成原因以及我国基金市场流动性风险的特殊性，并通过计算目前我国基金资产规模前20位的开放式基金的份额变动率以及比较它们的投资组合结构，得出了目前我国开放式基金流动性风险偏大的结论。

From the national conditions, a public-private partnership by domestic rail transportation system in the area and the problems facing the challenges of private capital involved in the analysis of the cause of the existence of rail transportation risks presented by the government to attract private capital in the enterprise and eliminate or reduce the risk of private responses;At the same time, from a rational allocation of risks and responsibilities of the position, fare adjustment mechanism discussed in the areas of land development and enhance the attractiveness of orbital transport to the impact of private capital.

从国情出发，提出了公私合作制在国内轨道交通领域面临的问题与挑战，分析了民间资本介入轨道交通事业所存在的风险，提出了政府为吸引民间资本介入而化解或降低民营企业风险的对策；同时，从合理分配风险、政府职责定位、票价调整机制以及土地开发等方面论述了增强轨道交通事业对民间资本吸引力的影响。

There are at least two reasons to say, the first reason, there is not enough and consummate policies to protect private enterprise"s benefit and private enterprise can"t get the same political treating as government enterprises. The another one, the system of most private enterprise is non-consummate, such as not consummate at the field of management structure, bestirring and inhibiting rules, stratagem and management, and result in the poor core competence. For examples, some leaders of private enterprise are arbitrary and dont believe in other people to manage work; only trust his connection and private friends to be in charge of management; some decision made according to feeling only, not according to scientific judgment; in defect of bestirring and inhibiting rules...so on.

究其原因，一方面是因为目前中国保护民营企业的制度机制还不完善，民营企业还无法取得和国营企业相同的政治待遇，另一方面是由于多数民营企业自身制度缺损，表现在企业治理结构、激励约束机制、战略管理等方面极不完善，从而造成的核心竞争力普遍低下，如：民营企业家决策中独断专行，对他人不能放心放权；民营企业经营管理中太相信亲戚和朋友；部分决策听任感觉，缺乏科学论断；缺少激励约束机制等。

The following is the research frame of this dissertation:Chapter one: Introduce background, research significance, research object, research contents and methods of this dissertation; review the history of clusters theoretical research in detail; dissertate main research dynamic status of domestic and international;Chapter two: Through explain theoretical foundation of cluster research, it defines and demarcates clusters, introduces the concept of private enterprises" cluster on this basis, and summarizes current situation of Quanzhou private enterprises" cluster;Chapter three: Propose the concept of cluster competitiveness, collect and analysis those factors which influence cluster competitiveness, and set up an appraisal system of private enterprises" cluster competitiveness;Chapter four: Define developing stages of private enterprises" cluster with clusters" dominance competitiveness, analysis characteristic and law of private enterprises" cluster in different life cycle, give out strategic countermeasures separately which promote cluster competitiveness in different stage;Chapter five: On the basis chapter three and chapter four, propose what we can use cluster strategic planning to promote Quanzhou cluster competitiveness; and recommend thought of cluster strategic planning;Chapter six: Introduce the case of Quanzhou sports shoes cluster, use competitiveness appraise system and life cycle theory for empirical analysis, and put forward detailed countermeasure that can promote cluster competitiveness;Conclusion: Summarize the research of full dissertation, and point out some weaknesses of this dissertation.

本文的研究框架如下：第一章：介绍本文选题的背景、研究意义、研究对象、内容与方法，并详细论述集群理论研究的历史回顾及当前国内外主要研究动态；第二章：通过阐述产业集群研究的理论基础，定义及界定产业集群，在此基础上引入民营企业产业集群的概念，并归纳总结了泉州市民营企业产业集群的现状；第三章：提出产业集群竞争力的概念，对影响集群竞争力的因素进行分析，初步建立一套民营企业产业集群竞争力的评价体系；第四章：应用集群显性竞争力来界定民营企业产业集群发展的生命周期阶段，并分析民营企业产业集群在各个不同生命周期阶段呈现的特征及规律，分别给出在不同阶段提升集群竞争力的战略对策；第五章：在第三、四章的基础上提出应用产业集群战略规划来提升泉州民营企业产业集群的竞争力，并介绍了集群战略规划的思路；第六章：引入泉州运动鞋产业集群的案例，应用本文构建的集群竞争力评价体系及生命周期理论进行实证分析，并提出提升该集群竞争力的详细对策；结论：总结全文的研究，并指出本论文研究的一些不足之处。

Pradeep Indulkar, a senior official at the Maharashtra state Home Ministry say 101 human were killed and 287 injured.

马哈拉施特拉邦内政部高级官员Pradeep Indulkar称，有101人在冲突中丧生，287人受伤。

Mark Frei, a senior vice president of West, says 80% of West's homeagents have some college education, compared with 30% of those whowork in office-based call centers.

Frei说，该公司80%在家办公的人员都拥有本科学位，而在公司电话中心工作的人中只有30%拥有本科学位。