查询词典 monocots

Thus just three families, the Fabaceae (higher eudicots-rosids), Poaceae (monocots-commelinoids), and Asteraceae (higher eudicots-asterids) account for more than 34% of the total number of C-values, and the addition of just four further families, Alliaceae (monocots-Asparagales), Solanaceae (higher eudicots-asterids), Ranunculaceae (lower eudicots-Ranunculales) and Commelinaceae (monocots-comme-linoids) account for more than 525 % of the data.

因此，只有三个家庭，豆科（高eudicots -蔷薇分支），禾本科（ monocots - commelinoids ），菊科（高eudicots -菊分支）的帐户超过34个，占总人数的C值，并增设短短的4进一步家人，葱（ monocots -天门冬目），茄科（高eudicots -菊分支），毛茛科（下eudicots - ranunculales ）和commelinaceae （ monocots - comme - linoids ）占多525 ％的数据。

DNA C-values might be one of important indices in the evaluation of angiospermous invasiveness. To test this viewpoint, we compared DNA 1C-values and basic genome sizes in 3,676 angiosperms. The results suggest that:(1) the two nuclear values vary greatly among different groups, e.g., significantly higher in herbs than in trees, in monocots than in dicots, in perennials than in non-perennials;(2) the two nuclear values both have significant effects on plant invasiveness, especially in herbs, dicots, monocots, perennials, non-perennials, diploids, polyploids, Compositae, and Poaceae, while not significant in trees and Fabaceae.

DNA C值与被子植物入侵性密切相关，为考察应用DNA C值评估被子植物入侵性的可靠性和局限性，我们统计分析了全世界范围内3676种被子植物的DNA 1C值（配子未发生DNA复制时的染色体DNA含量）及基因组大小（单个染色体组的DNA 含量），结果表明：1）DNA 1C值和基因组大小在被子植物不同类群中差异极大，例如在草本植物中显著高于木本植物，单子叶植物显著高于双子叶植物，多年生植物显著高于非多年生植物；2）两项指标都与被子植物入侵性显著负相关，尤其是在草本植物、双子叶植物、单子叶植物、多年生植物、非多年生植物、二倍体、多倍体、菊科和禾本科中，然而在木本植物、豆科植物中其与植物入侵性无显著关系。

Although the model doesn't suit to monocots, but it has helped to analyze new genes and gene functions in monocots. Although lilies are among the most important ornamental plants, relatively little research has been conducted on lily flower development.

虽然有证据表明依据拟南芥、金鱼草等双子叶植物提出的ABC模型，并不完全适用于单子叶植物，但是仍然给人们在单子叶植物花发育相关基因的克隆和功能研究中提供了参考和借鉴。

Two chloroplast, and one nuclear (18S) genes from 86 families, 126 genera, and 151 species of angiosperms (including 58 families, 86 genera, and 101 species of monocots), representing all major lineages of monocots and the basal angiosperms, were analyzed using parsimony methods.

基于两个叶绿体基因和一个核糖体基因(18S rDNA)的序列分析，对代表了基部被子植物和单子叶植物主要谱系分支的86科126属151种被子植物（单子叶植物58科86属101种）进行了系统演化关系分析。

Nicotianamine synthase gene has an important function in the Fe-deficiency response of graminaceous monocots, and it catalyzes substance to nicotianamine which plays an important carrier in the internal transport of Fe(superscript 2+) and other divalent metal ions. Nicotianamine can bind with Fe(superscript 2+) to form Fe(superscript 2+)-NA complex and protect plants from toxicity in acidic soil.

烟酰胺合成酶基因在单子叶禾本科的缺铁胁迫应答反应中起着关键作用，它的催化产物烟酰胺是铁及其他二价金属离子在体内吸收和转运的重要载体，且能与Fe(上标 2+)结合形成Fe(上标 2+)-NA复合物，从而使植物在酸性土壤中免受铁毒害。

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated trasformation of monocots Hemerocallis citrin a and Lycoris radiata is reported here.

本文报道了用胭脂碱型致瘤农杆菌感染单子叶植物石蒜和金针菜的实验结果。

Siltp expresses in stem, leaves and grains. Using software PAUP to analyze evolution of LTP from 17 different plants, phylogenetic tree allows the conclusion that LTP has four groups. Differentiation happened earlier in wheat,while in the other monocots such as maize, millet,barley and rice happened later.

利用软件PAUP对17种植物的LTP进行进化分析，从进化系统树可以看出LTP有4个分支，其中，小麦发生分化较早，其它几种单子叶植物如玉米、谷子、大麦和水稻分化较晚，说明发生了早期的基因复制事件。

By analysing the feature of ITS sequence of monocots with reticulate vein,the differentiation and variation characters of ITS sequences in the families,genera and species studied were discussed.

并通过分析单子叶网状叶脉植物和菝葜科部分种类的ITS序列特点，研究了该片段在科、属、种间存在的关系和变异特点。

The monophylies of nine clades of monocots (Alismatales s.l., Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Asparagales, Liliales, Arecales, Poales, Zingiberales, and Commelinales) and six clades of other angiosperms (Nymphaeales, eudicots, Magnoliales, Laurales, Piperales, and Canellales) were supported in the strict consensus tree of combined analyses.

联合分析鉴定出9个单子叶植物主要谱系（广义泽泻目Alismatales、薯蓣目Dioscoreales、露兜树目Pandanales、天门冬目Asparagales、百合目Liliales、棕榈目Arecales、禾本目Poales、姜目Zingiberales、鸭跖草目Commelinales）和6个其他被子植物主要谱系（睡莲目Nymphaeales、真双子叶植物、木兰目、樟目、胡椒目、林仙目）。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

There are different types of personal loans available.

有许多不同类型的个人贷款优惠。

The above mentioned teaching model of spiral rising can be used to avoid rigidness in teaching.

上述螺旋式上升的教学模式，可以避免教学形成模式後的僵化现象。